Verse:Lõis/Sketchbook: Difference between revisions
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PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered. | PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered. | ||
*Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī wilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰwą̄s derčitʰ. sa girrų wačą wečetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize) | *Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī wilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰwą̄s derčitʰ. sa girrų wačą wečetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize) | ||
**Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grimm): avī yasmī wilnō ne est, sa ešwą̄s deršiθ. sa girrų wačą wečeθ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āšu pereθ. | **Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grimm and Grassmann): avī yasmī wilnō ne est, sa ešwą̄s deršiθ. sa girrų wačą wečeθ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āšu pereθ. | ||
***Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English | ***Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English | ||
**Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvą̄s vaide, mą girrų vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. ''Greek transcription'': αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάμς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει. | **Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvą̄s vaide, mą girrų vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. ''Greek transcription'': αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάμς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει. | ||
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-> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, navį, detʰį | -> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, navį, detʰį | ||
Levantine: en, dva, θri, | Levantine: en, dva, θri, kaθar, peng, xweš, seft, ašt, nò, deš (20: wišt?) | ||
dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant") | dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant") |
Revision as of 17:31, 31 January 2020
Sprachbünde
Levant
Eastern Europe
British
- Phonological features inspired by Proto-Inuit -> Greenlandic sound changes
- Evidentiality
- (Split) ergativity
Indus
Paleo-Iranian
Retroflex consonants
South India and Southeast Asia
Generally Khmer/Thai/Proto-Azalic-like aesthetics?
Pandoga and Palkhan would be typologically unusual
South Africa
Ethio-IE and Ethio-Semitic
Ethio-IE: Mitanni
Ethio-Semitic: Togarmite
Pandoga
Paḷkhan
Inspired by Kannada and Marathi
Some nativized (tadbhava) Sanskrit words
- ṇnima [ɽ̃n̪imɐ] "full moon" <- *puṇnima <- Sanskrit pūrṇimā
- pyaḷda "forest" <- ati-vṛddha "overgrown"
- mhoṇa "monk" <- śramaṇa
Proto-Palkhan -> Palkhan has an almost consistent stress shift to the second syllable causing the first syllable to get elided; this creates the retroflex-dental clusters and wreaks havoc with the morphology if there happen to be prefixes
separate words for numbers from 1 to 99
Palkhan borrows more from Sanskrit (even some derivational affixes) than Pandoga
Indian grammatical tradition
Includes historical linguistics? they may study the relationship between Greek and Sanskrit and develop a deep orthography that fits both (that could be Panini's claim to fame in Lõis!)
Polish Azalic
Inspired by Scots and Yiddish
Mixolydian
Spoken in: Italy, Albania, the Levant, India, Indonesia, Thailand
From PIE; t d dh -> tʰ d t
Inspirations: Baltic, Albanian
PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered.
- Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī wilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰwą̄s derčitʰ. sa girrų wačą wečetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize)
- Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grimm and Grassmann): avī yasmī wilnō ne est, sa ešwą̄s deršiθ. sa girrų wačą wečeθ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āšu pereθ.
- Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English
- Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvą̄s vaide, mą girrų vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. Greek transcription: αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάμς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει.
- Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grimm and Grassmann): avī yasmī wilnō ne est, sa ešwą̄s deršiθ. sa girrų wačą wečeθ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āšu pereθ.
Orthography
A native logography in addition to the Greek alphabet
Verbs
between Greek and Lithuanian
mediopassive marked with -i
Declension
- wolf: wilkʰas, wilkʰą, wilkʰasya, wilkʰai, wilkʰātʰ, wilkʰai; wilkʰą̄s, wilkʰās, wilkʰą̄, wilkʰamas, wilkʰamis, wilkʰasu
- seed: tanō, tanǭ, tanōs, tanōi, tanōtʰ, tanōi; tanōs, tanǭs, tanōwą̄, tanōmas, tanōmis, tanōsu
- chair: selwą, selwą, selwasya, selwai, selwātʰ, selwai; selwō, selwō, selwą̄, selwamas, selwamis, selwasu
- i-stems (extremely uncommon)
The neuter gender merges into the masculine in Classical Mixolydian. Levantine Mixolydian around the 10th century is about as analytic as Hindi.
Morphosyntax
Mixolydian has the accusative and infinitive construction found in Latin and Ancient Greek, and in Classical and Levantine Mixolydian the accusative and infinitive construction by itself is the most common way of expressing the optative.
Lexicon
ρεθϝας means 'horse' in Classical and reθwas means 'wheel' in Nomadic
smas/ainas, dwā, tʰrīs, kʰetʰwār, pʰenkʰe, swečʰs, septʰį, ačtʰau, nawį, dečʰį -> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, navį, detʰį
Levantine: en, dva, θri, kaθar, peng, xweš, seft, ašt, nò, deš (20: wišt?)
dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant")
leupyą (Nomadic): hobby (calqued from Old Togarmite)
Levantine Mixolydian
some kind of "Balkan Sprachbund Hindi"? (Balkan grammar and Hindi syntax)
Old Nomadic Mixolydian had a very simple declension system, merging the accusative with the nominative and the locative with the dative:
nom, gen, dat, abl
- wilxa, wilxas, wilxē, wilxaθ; wilxas, wilxa, wilxam, wilxam
- tano, tanos, tanī, tanoθ; tanos, tano, tanom, tanom
Levantine Mixolydian went even further, dropping the -a ending and gender agreement:
nom, obl
- wilx, wilxe; wilxas, wilxam
- tano, tani; tanos, tanom
The oblique case is used as an ergative in perfect tenses.