I Kronurum: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image = ?
|image=?
|imagesize = ?
|imagesize=?
|name = I Kronurum
|name=I Kronurum
|nativename = I Kronurum
|nativename=I Kronurum
|pronunciation= /ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/
|pronunciation=/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/
|region = ?
|region=?
|states = ?
|states=?
|speakers = ?
|speakers=?
|date = 2014
|date=2014
|familycolor=?
|familycolor=?
|family=?
|family=?
Line 38: Line 38:


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
I Kronurum consonants...


====Consonant inventory====
====Consonant inventory====
Line 69: Line 71:
|   
|   
|  
|  
| ŋ
| (ŋ)
|   
|   
|-
|-
Line 93: Line 95:
|-
|-
! style="" |Fricative
! style="" |Fricative
| β
| (β)
| f
| f
| θ  ð
| θ  ð
Line 99: Line 101:
| ʃ
| ʃ
|  
|  
| x  ɣ  
| x  (ɣ)
| h
| h
|-
|-
Line 106: Line 108:
|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɬ
| (ɬ)
|  
|  
|   
|   
Line 133: Line 135:
|}
|}


====Consonant allophony====
====Onset mutations====
====Onset mutations====
=====Mutation context and mutation continuities=====
Onset mutation is triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases. It is analyzed as happening along a continuum:
The unmodified consonant would have a mutation of grade cero.
The preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers one degree of mutation.


=====Mutation context=====
The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (AKK) and triggers two degrees of mutation.


=====Mutation continuities=====
THIS SECTION WILL BE REVISITED TO MAKE A BETTER GROUPING OF THE MUTATIONS BY TYPE
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | mutation degree
|-
!0||1||2
|-
|w- /w/ ||gw- /gʷ/||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
|-
|k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/||h- /h/~/χ/
|-
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||k- /k/||g- /g/~/ɣ/
|-
|t- /t/ ||d- /d/||ð- /ð/
|-
|s- /s/ ||þ- /θ/||ś- /ʃ/
|-
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/||b- /b/
|-
|b- /b/~/β/ ||p- /p/ ||f- /f/
|-
|n- /n/ ||nw- /nʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|-
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||w- /w/
|-
|j- /j/ ||jw- /jʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/
|-
|l- /l/ ||l- /l / ||lh- /ɬ/
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
I Kronurum vowels...
====Vowel inventory====
====Vowel inventory====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
 
! style="width: 90px; "|
{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front
||
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
! style="width: 90px; " |Near-back
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
|  
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
|  
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|  
|-
|  
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |
|  
<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
i</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">u</div>
<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:73%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
(ʊ)</div>
<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:50%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
(ɘ)</div>
<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:24.4%; width:2.33em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
e̞</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">o̞</div>
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:25%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
(ɛ)</div>
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:60%; width:2.66em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
(ɐ)</div>
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
(a)</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɑ</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-close
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑close'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close‑mid'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open‑mid'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑open'''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
====Vowel allophony====


====Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut====
====Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut====

Revision as of 09:28, 14 July 2014


I Kronurum
I Kronurum
?
Pronunciation[/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/]
Created by–
Native to?
Native speakers? (2014)
?
  • I Kronurum
Early forms
Ancient I.K.
  • Old I.K.
    • Middle I.K.
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Background

The language known as I Kronurum

Phonology

Consonants

I Kronurum consonants...

Consonant inventory

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d k g ʔ
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Trill r
Tap or flap ɾ
Fricative (β) f θ ð s ʃ x (ɣ) h
Lateral fric. (ɬ)
Approximant w j
Lateral app. l

Consonant allophony

Onset mutations

Mutation context and mutation continuities

Onset mutation is triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases. It is analyzed as happening along a continuum:

The unmodified consonant would have a mutation of grade cero.

The preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers one degree of mutation.

The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (AKK) and triggers two degrees of mutation.

THIS SECTION WILL BE REVISITED TO MAKE A BETTER GROUPING OF THE MUTATIONS BY TYPE

mutation degree
0 1 2
w- /w/ gw- /gʷ/ ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
k- /k/ g- /g/~/ɣ/ h- /h/~/χ/
h- /h/~/χ/ k- /k/ g- /g/~/ɣ/
t- /t/ d- /d/ ð- /ð/
s- /s/ þ- /θ/ ś- /ʃ/
f- /f/ p- /p/ b- /b/
b- /b/~/β/ p- /p/ f- /f/
n- /n/ nw- /nʷ/ ñ- /ɲ/
m- /m/ mw- /mʷ/ w- /w/
j- /j/ jw- /jʷ/ ñ- /ɲ/
l- /l/ l- /l / lh- /ɬ/

Vowels

I Kronurum vowels...

Vowel inventory

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i
u
(ʊ)
(ɘ)
e̞
o̞
(ɛ)
(ɐ)
(a)
ɑ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Vowel allophony

Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut

Other dipthongs

Other contextual phonological phenomena

Phonotactics

Orthography

Grammar

Morphology

Nominal morphology

Nouns are marked for number and gender.

Marking hierarchy
Declension particles and other affixes
Plurals
Diminutives
Augmentatives
Superlatives

Personal pronouns

Adjectives

Verbal morphology

Verbs are marked for tense, mood, aspect, number and, in the third person, also gender.

Marking hierarchy
Regular conjugation paradigms

There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled I, II, III and IV

Aspect markers

Adverbs

Derivational morphology

Derivation of nouns
Derivation of adjectives

Syntax

Sentence structure

1
a
b
2
3
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