Netagin: Difference between revisions
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====Verb stems==== | ====Verb stems==== | ||
Netagin has 10 binyanim. They encode various aspects, aktionsarten or manners of action (rather than mainly voice like Semitic binyanim): | Netagin has 10 binyanim. They encode various aspects, aktionsarten or manners of action (rather than mainly voice like Semitic binyanim): | ||
*Binyan 1 verbs are primarily basic iterative, imperfective or habitual actions, including stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form. | *Binyan 1 (''mėcag'') verbs are primarily basic iterative, imperfective or habitual actions, including stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form. | ||
**For example, ''tegal'' means 'to know' | **For example, ''tegal'' means 'to know' | ||
**''dalum'' = to go by vehicle (uni), as opposed to Binyan 7 ''dollam'' = to go by vehicle (multi). | **''dalum'' = to go by vehicle (uni), as opposed to Binyan 7 ''dollam'' = to go by vehicle (multi). | ||
**''tagul'' means 'to get to know' | **''tagul'' means 'to get to know' | ||
*Binyan 2 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"), or perfectives. | *Binyan 2 (''qamcig'') consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"), or perfectives. | ||
*Binyan 3 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan c and Binyan g verbs), or a maintainance of state. | *Binyan 3 (''qămacog'') contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan c and Binyan g verbs), or a maintainance of state. | ||
*Binyan 4 is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative). | *Binyan 4 (''damcog'') is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative). | ||
*Binyan 5 - telic, intensive, momentane or perfective | *Binyan 5 (''qymmacag'') - telic, intensive, momentane or perfective | ||
*Binyan 6 - atelic, iterative, many multidirectional motion verbs | *Binyan 6 (''maccog'') - atelic, iterative, many multidirectional motion verbs | ||
*Binyan 7 - "X a little, almost X" | *Binyan 7 (''qycmacog'') - "X a little, almost X" | ||
*Binyan 8 - "X in advance, X for oneself" (tends to be used for self-directed, intentional actions) | *Binyan 8 (''mescog'') - "X in advance, X for oneself" (tends to be used for self-directed, intentional actions) | ||
*Binyan 9 - frequentative, "-le"; "mis-X, over-X" | *Binyan 9 (''măcagog'') - frequentative, "-le"; "mis-X, over-X" | ||
*Binyan 10 verbs tend to express gradual processes. | *Binyan 10 (''măcacog'') verbs tend to express gradual processes. | ||
**Ex. ''hadadex'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'. | **Ex. ''hadadex'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| '' | | ''qymmacag'' || ''-ymmėcog'' || ''-ymmyncog'' || ''qymmacůg'' || ''qymmacieg'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||