Varangian

Varangian (Native: Verinskă /ˈverinskə/) is a North Germanic language that is part of the Balkan sprachbund.

Varangian
Verinskă tungă Веринскъ тунгъ
Pronunciation	[ˈverinskə ˈtuŋɡə]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Germanic North Germanic Varangian
Early forms	Old Norse Old Varangian

Phonology

Orthography

Varangian orthography

Letter		IPA	Remarks
Latin	Cyrillic
A a	А а	a
Ă ă	Ъ ъ	ə
 â	Ы ы	ɨ	Generally used when /ɨ/ is derived from earlier /a/.
B b	Б б	b, p¹
C c	Ц ц	ts, dz²
Č č	Ч ч	tʃ, dʒ²
D d	Д д	d, t¹
Ð ð	Ԁ ԁ	ð, θ¹
Dz dz	Ѕ ѕ	dz, ts¹
Dž dž	Џ џ	dʒ, tʃ¹
E e	Е е	e
F f	Ф ф	f, v³
G g	Г г	ɣ, ɡ, k¹, x¹	Pronounced /ɡ/ (devoiced: /k/) initially and after /ŋ/; /ɣ/ (devoiced: /x/) otherwise.
Gg gg	Ґ ґ	ɡ, k¹	Not used initially or after /ŋ/.
H h	Х х	x, ɣ²
I i	И и	i
Î î	Ы ы	ɨ	Generally used when /ɨ/ is derived from earlier /e/ or /i/.
J j	Ј ј	j
	Ь ь		After consonants except /l, n, r/.
K k	К к	k, ɡ²
L l	Л л	l
Ľ ľ	Ль ль (Љ љ)	ʎ
M m	М м	m
N n	Н н	n, ŋ	Pronounced /ŋ/ before velars; /n/ otherwise.
Ň ň	Нь нь (Њ њ)	ɲ
O o	О о	o
P p	П п	p, b²
R r	Р р	r
Ř ř	Рь рь	r̝
S s	С с	s, z³
Š š	Ш ш	ʃ, ʒ³
Št št	Щ щ	ʃt, ʒd²
T t	Т т	t, d²
Þ þ	Ѳ ѳ	θ, ð³
U u	У у	u
V v	В в	v, f¹
Z z	З з	z, s¹
Ž ž	Ж ж	ʒ, ʃ¹

Notes:

¹ Voiced obstruents are devoiced before voiceless consonants.

² Voiceless stops and affricates are voiced before voiced consonants except /v/.

³ Voiceless fricatives are voiced when they occur between voiced sounds (including vowels). To remain unvoiced in such environments, they can be written doubled.

Morphophonology

The following phonological transformations occur in certain environments:

First palatalization

• t > c
• d > dz
• þ > s
• ð > z
• s > š
• z > ž
• k > č
• g (as /ɡ/) > dž
• g (as /ɣ/) > ž
• h > š

Second palatalization

• n > ň
• l > ľ
• r > ř

U-umlaut

• a > o
• ă, â > u

I-umlaut

• a > e
• ă, â, î > i
• After consonants: jo, ju > i
• After palatalized consonants: o > i
• Otherwise: o > e
• u > i

Disappearing -g-

• Some verbs have a stem-final -g- that appears in certain morphological environments and disappears in others.

Disappearing -j-, -v-, and palatalization

• Some consonant-final verbs, nouns, and adjectives have a final -j- or -v- or a palatalization of the final consonant which appear before vowels but are lost in other environments.

Dental past suffix

The dental past suffix varies between -t-, -d-, and -ð- depending on the context.