Minhast: Difference between revisions

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=== ~~Deverbal Affixes~~ ===

=== Derivation ===

Minhast relies on NI, often in combination with nominalization, to derive nouns from verbs. ~~Nevertheless, the language has a limited set of affixes~~ used to derive ~~nouns~~ from ~~verbs~~. ~~The deverbal affixes may be suffixed to a bare verb root, or it may come after an incorporated~~ noun and~~/or the postverbal affix series which make up the verbal complex~~.

Minhast relies on NI, often in combination with nominalization, to derive nouns from verbs. Compounding is also used to derive new vocabulary; often this compounding derives from Type I noun incorporation, or a noun phrase that was originally a ''min'' construction, but due to frequent use the ''min'' connective was eroded and additional morphophonetic changes derived a new noun. Combinations of Type I noun incorporation and nominalization also occur. A few examples of the derivational processes that Minhast employs are illustrated as follows:

* Occupation - Nominalization + Type I Noun Incorporation: ''rayy-'' + verb root/complex , e.g. ''raysilapkannaft'' >> ''rayy-silap-gāl=naft'' person-ride.horse- i.e. "horseman" (Horse Speaker dialect);

Occupation: ~~Verb root/complex +~~ ''-~~rayy~~'', e.g. ''~~silapkarrayy~~ >> silap-gāl~~-rayy~~'' ride-horse-~~person.occupation,~~ i.e. "horseman" (Horse Speaker dialect)

* Place - NP + NP Compounding: Verb root/complex + ''kian-/kyan/tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattustappe'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-tappe'' >>'' gubbāt-dust min tappe'' make.war-ADVERS.APPL-location, i.e. "battlefield" (Salmon Speaker dialect)

* Time - NP + NP Compounding: Verb root/complex + ''-ummak'', e.g. ''gubbattustummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-ummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust min ummak'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-time.of.doing.something, i.e. "wartime" (Salmon Speaker dialect)

Place: Verb root/complex + ''-~~kian~~/-kyan/-tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattustappe >> gubbāt-dust-tappe'' make.war-~~RECIP~~.~~ADVERS~~-location, i.e. "battlefield" (Salmon Speaker dialect)

* Instrument: Verb root/complex + noun root, e.g. ''isangarsakua'' >> ''isangar-sakua'' >> make.light.with.flame-drinking.glass, i.e. "light bulb"

Time: Verb root/complex + ''-ummak-'', e.g. ''gubbattustummak >> gubbāt-dust-ummak'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-time.of.doing.something, i.e. "wartime" (Salmon Speaker dialect)

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-=== Deverbal Affixes ===
+=== Derivation ===
-Minhast relies on NI, often in combination with nominalization, to derive nouns from verbs.  Nevertheless, the language has a limited set of affixes used to derive nouns from verbs.  The deverbal affixes may be suffixed to a bare verb root, or it may come after an incorporated noun and/or the postverbal affix series which make up the verbal complex.
+Minhast relies on NI, often in combination with nominalization, to derive nouns from verbs.  Compounding is also used to derive new vocabulary; often this compounding derives from Type I noun incorporation, or a noun phrase that was originally a ''min'' construction, but due to frequent use the ''min'' connective was eroded and additional morphophonetic changes derived a new noun.  Combinations of Type I noun incorporation and nominalization also occur.  A few examples of the derivational processes that Minhast employs are illustrated as follows:
+* Occupation - Nominalization + Type I Noun Incorporation:  ''rayy-'' + verb root/complex , e.g. ''raysilapkannaft'' >> ''rayy-silap-gāl=naft'' person-ride.horse- i.e. "horseman" (Horse Speaker dialect);
-Occupation: Verb root/complex + ''-rayy'', e.g. ''silapkarrayy >> silap-gāl-rayy'' ride-horse-person.occupation, i.e. "horseman" (Horse Speaker dialect)
+* Place - NP + NP Compounding: Verb  root/complex + ''kian-/kyan/tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattustappe'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-tappe'' >>'' gubbāt-dust min tappe'' make.war-ADVERS.APPL-location, i.e. "battlefield" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
+* Time - NP + NP Compounding: Verb  root/complex +  ''-ummak'', e.g. ''gubbattustummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-ummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust min ummak'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-time.of.doing.something, i.e. "wartime" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
-Place: Verb  root/complex + ''-kian/-kyan/-tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattustappe >> gubbāt-dust-tappe'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-location, i.e. "battlefield" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
+* Instrument: Verb  root/complex + noun root, e.g. ''isangarsakua'' >> ''isangar-sakua'' >> make.light.with.flame-drinking.glass, i.e. "light bulb"
-Time: Verb  root/complex +  ''-ummak-'', e.g. ''gubbattustummak >> gubbāt-dust-ummak'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-time.of.doing.something, i.e. "wartime" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
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