Guimin: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
( | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]] !! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] !! [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]] !! [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || pː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || tː || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || kː || [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|qː]] || [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Ejective consonant|Ejective]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial ejective|pʼ]] || pʼː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar ejective|tʼ]] || tʼː || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || || [[w:Voiceless velar ejective|kʼ]] || kʼː || [[w:Voiceless uvular ejective|qʼː]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[w:Affricate|Affricate]] | |||
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] || t͡sː || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || t͡ʃː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate|t͡ɬ]] || t͡ɬː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Ejective consonant|Ejective]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar ejective affricate|t͡sʼ]] || t͡sʼː || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar ejective affricate|t͡ʃʼ]] || t͡ʃʼː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral ejective affricate|t͡ɬʼ]] || t͡ɬʼː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] || || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || fː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || sː || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || ʃː || [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬ]] || ɬː || || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || xː || [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χː]] || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || || [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] || || colspan="2" | || || colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || l || || j | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]] || r̥ː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
|} | |||
*Only occurs in loanwords. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 29 January 2024
| Guimin | |
|---|---|
| гӯймин | |
| Pronunciation | [guːjˈmin] |
| Created by | Dillon Hartwig |
| Date | 2022 |
| Setting | Dagestan, Russian Federation |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Guimin /ˈgoɪmɪn/ (Guimin: гӯймин [guːjˈmin]) is an Indo-European language spoken in eastern Dagestan.
Etymology
Guimin is from the autonym and ethnonym гӯймин, which is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-h₁en-mén-s.
Orthography
Guimin has historically been written with the Arabic, Mkhedruli, and Latin scripts, but is now largely written with the Cyrillic script.
(table here)
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||
| Stop | Voiceless | p | pː | t | tː | k | kː | qː | ʔ | |||||
| Ejective | pʼ | pʼː | tʼ | tʼː | kʼ | kʼː | qʼː | |||||||
| Voiced | b | d | g | |||||||||||
| Affricate | Voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ɬ | t͡ɬː | |||||||
| Ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡sʼː | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʼː | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ɬʼː | ||||||||
| Voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | fː | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ɬ | ɬː | x | xː | χː | h | |
| Voiced | z | ʒ | ʁ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||||||||
| Trill | Voiceless | r̥ | r̥ː | |||||||||||
| Voiced | r | |||||||||||||
- Only occurs in loanwords.
Vowels
(table here)
Prosody
Stress
Stress is phonemic, most often either stem-initial or directly after the stem (which shifts to stem-final with zero-suffixes).
Intonation
Rhythm
Phonotactics
Morphology
Alignment
Guimin has ergative-absolutive morphosyntactic alignment.
Nouns and pronouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives and adverbs
Postpositions
Numerals
Guimin uses base-20 numerals, except past 1000 where base-10 is used.
(table here)
Derivational morphology
Part-of-speech modifiers
Syntax
Constituent order
The predominant word order is SOV, but word order is very flexible.
Noun and verb phrases
Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses follow the head they modify after any other modifiers, and are generally marked with the attributive.
Example texts
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1
Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә. Гӯ әъкь гьу виджд дӯрә гьу тӣнтӏзәм такэ̄ бырэ̄тӏ гӯъдэчэ̄.
Гӯ
NWIT
мәнвис
human.ABS-PL.ABS
виъсәм
all-M.PL.ABS
муъкӏтӏмими
free-ADJ.NZ-COM
гьу
and
вэ̄кьӏмими
equal-ADJ.NZ-COM
карә̄мэ̄с
dignity-SG.GEN2
гьу
and
гьуъкъӯкъә̄м
right.PL-PL.GEN2
упӏрә.
make.PFV.PASS.M.PL
Гӯ
NWIT
әъкь
reason
гьу
and
виджд
conscience
дӯрә
give.PFV.PASS.M.PL
гьу
and
тӣнтӏзәм
do.PFV.PRES.M.PL
такэ̄
should
бырэ̄тӏ
brother
гӯъдэчэ̄.
be.INF-LAT-GER-ADV