Kandi/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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==== The other stuff ==== | ==== The other stuff ==== | ||
=====Predicative expressions===== | |||
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default {{sc|to be + noun}}. That means that a word like '''''šay''''' would mean ''(it is a) girl''. | |||
{{gloss/indexable | {{gloss/indexable | ||
|phrase = katsa | |phrase = katsa | ||
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sa] | |IPA = [ˈkat͡sa] | ||
|morphemes = katsa-∅ | |morphemes = katsa-∅ | ||
|gloss = songbird | |gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} | ||
|translation = It is a songbird. | |translation = It is a songbird. | ||
|index = 1 | |index = 1 | ||
}} | }}{{gloss/indexable | ||
|phrase = agūrri | |||
{{gloss/indexable | |IPA = [agu͜βrɪ] | ||
|phrase = | | morphemes = agūrri-∅ | ||
|IPA = [ | | gloss = boy({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}} | ||
| morphemes = | | translation = It is a boy. | ||
| gloss = | |||
| translation = | |||
| index = 2 | | index = 2 | ||
}} | }} | ||
In a similar fashion there is '''''wī''''', '''''yīn''''' ({{sc|PL}}), '''''sir'''''; content words for ''me'', ''you'', ''this'', et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type {{sc|I am + noun/adj}}, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these ''pronominal predicatives'' are clitical. | |||
{{gloss/indexable | {{gloss/indexable | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = wī | ||
|IPA = [ | |IPA = [wɪː] | ||
| morphemes = katsa- | | morphemes = wī-∅ | ||
| gloss = songbird | | gloss = {{sc|1SG}}(I)-{{sc|PRED}} | ||
| translation = It is I (It is me) | |||
| index = 3 | |||
}}{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = agūrriwī | |||
|IPA = [agu͜βrɪwɪː] | |||
| morphemes = katsa-∅=wī | |||
| gloss = boy({{sc|I}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}} | |||
| translation = I am a boy. | |||
| index = 4 | |||
}}{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = katsayīn | |||
|IPA = [ˈkat͡sajɪːn] | |||
| morphemes = katsa-∅=yīn | |||
| gloss = songbird({{sc|II}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|2PL}} | |||
| translation = You are songbirds. | | translation = You are songbirds. | ||
| index = | | index = 5 | ||
}} | }} | ||
This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer '''''kirim''''', ''something red'': | |||
{{gloss/indexable | {{gloss/indexable | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = kirim | ||
|IPA = [ | |IPA = [kɪˈɾɪm] | ||
| morphemes = | | morphemes = kirim-∅ | ||
| | | gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}} | ||
| translation = | | translation = It is something red (It is red) | ||
| index = | | index = 6 | ||
}}{{gloss/indexable | |||
|phrase = kirimmī | |||
|IPA = [kɪɾɪbˈmɪː] | |||
| morphemes = kirim-∅=wī | |||
| gloss = red({{sc|IX}})-{{sc|PRED}}={{sc|1SG}} | |||
| translation = I am something red (I am red) | |||
| index = 6 | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 11:12, 4 July 2015
Pronominal predicatives
| Stative and dynamic affixes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person → | 1 | 2 | 3.PROX (3) | 3.OBV (4) | 0 | |
| -w- | -k- | - | -y- | -h- | ||
| Stative | ||||||
| same | -á- | -wá | -ká | -í (Vy) | -yá | -há |
| different | -í- | -wí | -kí | - | -yi | -hí |
| Dynamic | ||||||
| same | -u- | wu- | ku- | u- | yu- | hu- |
| different | -a- | wa- | ka- | a- | ya- | ha- |
Noun classes and quantifiers
| Class | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | -ma | -im | -nna | -ūnna | -yme | -imme | people, professions |
| II | -n | -i | animals, pets, cattle | ||||
| III | -uš | -waš | predators, pejoratives | ||||
| IV | wa- | w- | plants, nature | ||||
| V | ki- | kin- | -ūnna | -yunna | meat, edibles, bodyparts | ||
| VI | -š | -iš | -sse | -issa | small/round/short/curved objects | ||
| VII | -teh | -teh | -yittah | -īttah | long/straight/thing objects | ||
| VIII | -kka | -ākka | unclear | ||||
| IX | -ye | -ya | abstractions, divinity, honorifics | ||||
Simple stuff
Pluralisation
Do we distinguish plurals? They are a pain after all. Yeah, yeah, I guess I have to.
I
- agūrriy /a.gu͜β.rɪj/ → *agūrriyna /a.gu͜β.rɪː.nə/ → agūrrīn /a.gu͜β.rɪːn/
- amik / a.mɪk/ → *amikna /a.mɪk.na/ → amiǧna /a.mɪŋ.nə/
- līlak → *līlakna /lɪː.lak.na/ → *līlaǧn /lɪː.laŋ.nə/ → līlan /lɪː.lan/
- ikāru → ikāruna
Irregular
- ok → okok
The other stuff
Predicative expressions
The Kāndi language lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs, and exhibits a flexibility between the predicate and argument in a clause. Any Kāndi content word is equivalent to a predicative expression, by default to be + noun. That means that a word like šay would mean (it is a) girl.
|
(1) |
|
(2) |
In a similar fashion there is wī, yīn (PL), sir; content words for me, you, this, et c., equivalent to English pronouns. In order to create a predicative expression of the type I am + noun/adj, these are fixed to the end of the word. In most circumstances these pronominal predicatives are clitical.
|
(3) |
|
(4) |
|
(5) |
This is all fine and dandy, but you may ask yourself, what about predicative expressions with adjectives? How do I describe things? Kāndi does not only lack a verb and noun distinction, it does not have adjectives in their own right either. Rather, some content words are more like adjectives than others, confer kirim, something red:
|
(6) |
|
(6) |
What's actually inside
|
(-) |