Naeng: Difference between revisions
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
43 consonants. | 43 consonants. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
| Line 15: | Line 13: | ||
!rowspan="2"| Labial | !rowspan="2"| Labial | ||
!colspan="2"| Dental | !colspan="2"| Dental | ||
! | !rowspan="2"| Retroflex | ||
!rowspan="2"| Palatal | !rowspan="2"| Palatal | ||
!rowspan="2"| Velar | !rowspan="2"| Velar | ||
| Line 21: | Line 19: | ||
!rowspan="2"| Glottal | !rowspan="2"| Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>central</small> | !<small>central</small> | ||
!<small>lateral</small> | !<small>lateral</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !rowspan="2"|Nasal | ||
!<small>plain</small> | |||
| '''m''' m | | '''m''' m | ||
| '''n''' n̪ || | | '''n''' n̪ || | ||
| '''nr''' ɳ | | '''nr''' ɳ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''ŋ''' ŋ || ''' | | '''ŋ''' ŋ || | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
!<small>glottalized</small> | |||
| '''mh''' mʼ | |||
| '''nh''' n̪ʼ || | |||
| '''nrh''' ɳʼ | |||
| | |||
| '''ngh''' ŋʼ || | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="3"|Stop | !rowspan="3"|Stop | ||
!<small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| ''' | | '''p''' p | ||
| ''' | | '''t''' t̪ || '''tl''' t̪ɬ̪ | ||
| ''' | | '''r''' ʈ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''c''' k || '''g''' q | ||
| ''' | | '''h''' ʔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| ''' | | '''b''' pʰ | ||
| ''' | | '''d''' t̪ʰ || '''dl''' t̪ɬ̪ʰ | ||
| ''' | | '''dr''' ʈʰ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''g''' kʰ || '''gq''' qʰ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>ejective</small> | !<small>ejective</small> | ||
| ''' | | '''ph''' pʼ | ||
| ''' | | '''th''' t̪ʼ || '''tlh''' t̪ɬ̪ʼ | ||
| ''' | | '''rh''' ʈʼ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''ch''' kʼ || '''qh''' qʷˁʼ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"|Fricative | ||
| '''f''' f | |||
| '''f''' | | '''x''' s̻ || '''ll''' ɬ̪ | ||
| ''' | | '''s''' ʂ | ||
| ''' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | || | ||
| | | h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
| | | | ||
| | | || '''l''' l | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| '''y''' j || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 22:41, 6 July 2016
Naeng /ʈʼətʼohetʰ/ is a language spoken by the Naeng people in Hussmauch. It is inspired by Naquian and Hmong.
Numbers
Phonology
Consonants
43 consonants.
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Lab.-phar. uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | ||||||||
| Nasal | plain | m m | n n̪ | nr ɳ | ŋ ŋ | ||||
| glottalized | mh mʼ | nh n̪ʼ | nrh ɳʼ | ngh ŋʼ | |||||
| Stop | tenuis | p p | t t̪ | tl t̪ɬ̪ | r ʈ | c k | g q | h ʔ | |
| aspirated | b pʰ | d t̪ʰ | dl t̪ɬ̪ʰ | dr ʈʰ | g kʰ | gq qʰ | |||
| ejective | ph pʼ | th t̪ʼ | tlh t̪ɬ̪ʼ | rh ʈʼ | ch kʼ | qh qʷˁʼ | |||
| Fricative | f f | x s̻ | ll ɬ̪ | s ʂ | h | ||||
| Approximant | l l | y j | |||||||
Use interpunct · to separate digraphs
- Notes
- The lenis stops /p t tɬ ʈ ʈꞎ k qʷˁ/ are short compared to the aspirated stops /pˑʰ tˑʰ tɬˑʰ ʈˑʰ ʈꞎˑʰ kˑʰ qʷˁˑʰ/. Between voiced sounds they may be semi-voiced, the lateral affricates /tɬ ʈꞎ/ in particular being voiced in the stop phase of the articulation [dɬ ɖꞎ].
- The lenis fricatives /f s ɬ ʂ ꞎ x/ are short compared to the fortis fricatives /fˑ sˑ ɬˑ ʂˑ ꞎˑ xˑ χʷˁˑ/.
- The retroflex nasal and stops are subapico-palatal. The retroflex fricatives are laminal post-alveolar.
- /ə/ followed by /m n ɳ ŋ ɭ/ are pronounced as syllabic consonants (similar to Tigall): [m̩ n̩ ɳ̩ ŋ̍ ɭ̩].
Vowels
Naeng has 5 oral and 5 nasal vowels.
i u e ẁ a ii uu ee ẁẁ aa /i ʊ e ə ɐ iⁿ ʊⁿ eⁿ əⁿ ɐⁿ/ (IPA superscript indicates nasal vowels)
Tones
Every syllable may have either high tone or low tone. High tone is marked with an acute accent (high tone /ə́/ is transcribed as ẃ).
Phonotactics
Only V, CV, CVC allowed. Allowed syllable-final consonants: m n ɳ ŋ b d dɮ ɖ ɖɮʵ ɡ ʔ pʼ tʼ tɬʼ ʈʼ ʈɬʵʼ kʼ f s ʂ ɬ ɬʵ x w ɭ j