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User:Ceige/Voloshky: Difference between revisions
Added more stuff from History of the Slavic languages article.
(→Sound changes of import: Added up to Progressive Palatalisation but not done yet, saving before I get ahead of myself) |
(Added more stuff from History of the Slavic languages article.) |
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:* May have occurred before first regressive palatalisation, thus the ḱ/ǵ/x́ notation, allowing for *otьče to arise instead of *otьce (Pedersen 1905, Channon 1972, Lunt 1981 - see Wikipedia article). | :* May have occurred before first regressive palatalisation, thus the ḱ/ǵ/x́ notation, allowing for *otьče to arise instead of *otьce (Pedersen 1905, Channon 1972, Lunt 1981 - see Wikipedia article). | ||
:* Old Novgorod dialect ignores half of this anyway coz #yolo. | :* Old Novgorod dialect ignores half of this anyway coz #yolo. | ||
* '''Accent''' (I'm not touching that yet!) | |||
===Later changes=== | |||
From [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Slavic_languages here]: | |||
* '''Palatalisation''' | |||
:* Some dialects allow palatalisation across *v, thus *gvězda > Ru. звезда, Pl. gwiazda, Cz. hvězda, Ma. ѕвезда. | |||
:: ''I will have to decide whether Latin qu/gu survives this far...'' | |||
:* Iotation outcomes table stolen from article: | |||
::: {| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Proto-Slavic | |||
! OCS | |||
! Bulg. | |||
! Mac. | |||
! S-C | |||
! Slvn. | |||
! Czech | |||
! Slvk. | |||
! Pol. | |||
! Bel. | |||
! Ukr. | |||
! Russ. | |||
|- | |||
| Written || *ť || št || št || ḱ || ć || č || c || c || c || č || č || č | |||
|- | |||
| IPA || *{{IPA|c(ː)}} || {{IPA|ʃt}} || {{IPA|ʃt}} || {{IPA|c}} ||{{IPA|t͡ɕ}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} | |||
|- | |||
| Written || *ď || žd || žd || ǵ || đ || j || z || dz || dz || (d)ž || (d)ž || ž | |||
|- | |||
| IPA || *{{IPA|ɟ(ː)}} || {{IPA|ʒd}} || {{IPA|ʒd}} || {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʑ}} || {{IPA|j}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{IPA|(d)ʒ}} || {{IPA|(d)ʒ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}} | |||
|} | |||
:* Varying levels of depalatalisation and generalised palatalisation. Cf. Russian 4-way palatalisation using ь and *J, and Czech lack of palatalisation despite ř. Polish split consonants based on palatalisation. | |||
:* Palatalisation leads to *y and *i merging in common Slavic (e.g. i/y = same; ji/jy = same). | |||
* '''The yers ь and ъ''' | |||
:* Quoting the article: ''This change is known as Havlík's law. A yer at the end of a word, or preceding a strong yer or non-yer vowel was weak, and a yer followed by a weak yer became strong. The pattern created sequences of alternating strong and weak yers within each word: every odd yer encountered was weak, every even yer was strong.''. | |||
:* Example given: sъmolьnьskъ (NOM SING), sъmolьnьska (GEN SING) (Smolensk). | |||
:* Yer realisations from article, see article for more examples: | |||
::: {| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Slavic | |||
! OCS | |||
! Bulg. | |||
! Mac. | |||
! S-C | |||
! Slvn. | |||
! Czech | |||
! Slvk. | |||
! Pol. | |||
! USorb | |||
! LSorb | |||
! Bel. | |||
! Russ. | |||
! Ukr. | |||
|- | |||
| strong *ь || ь || e, ă || e || a || ǝ,a || e || e (a,á,o) || 'e || e || e || 'e || 'e || e | |||
|- | |||
| strong *ъ || ъ || ă || o || a || ǝ,a || e || o (e,a,á) || e || e || e || o || o || o | |||
|} | |||
:* Vowel deletion results in a whole new set of problems where sonorant clusters appear. Russian and Polish just live with the resulting clusters, Serbo-Croatian strengthens yers, sonorants are made syllabic in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, and a prothetic vowel is used in Belorussian dialects (example given: ''lënu ~ l'nu ~ il'nú "flax (gen. sg.)" (Common Slavic *lьnu)''). | |||
:* If a cluster still needs breaking, strong yer is inserted. | |||
:* See article for info on tense yers with Russian. | |||
* '''Liquid diphthongs''' | |||
:* East slavic use VLV instead of LV metathesis; ele merges with olo but ere != oro. ьr, ъr, ьl, ъl become er, or, ol, ol in East Slavic. | |||
* '''The nasal vowels ę and ǫ''' | |||
:: {| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Slavic | |||
! OCS | |||
! Bulg. | |||
! Mac. | |||
! S-C | |||
! Slvn. | |||
! Czech | |||
! Slvk. | |||
! Pol. | |||
! Bel. | |||
! Russ. | |||
! Ukr. | |||
|- | |||
| *ę || ę || rowspan=2|e || rowspan=2|e || e || rowspan=2|ẹ̄ || a, ě || a, ä || ię || rowspan=2|ja || rowspan=2|ja || rowspan=2|ja | |||
|- | |||
| *ę̄ || ę̄ || ē || á, í || ia || ią | |||
|- | |||
| *ǫ || ǫ || rowspan=2|ǎ || rowspan=2|a || u || rowspan=2|ọ̄ || u || u || ę || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|u | |||
|- | |||
| *ǭ || ǭ || ū || ou || ú || ą | |||
|} | |||
:* Length comes from accent, therefore accent needs to be considered at some point. | |||
:* Czech outcomes depend on palatalisation. | |||
:* Slovak outcomes depend on labials (bä). | |||
* '''The yat vowel ě''' | |||
:* Presumably long ē that survived, lowered and even diphthongised to [iæ]. | |||
:: Later raised in most contexts outside Bulg. and Pol., then promptly diphthongised or simplified to [e] or [i]. | |||
::* Russian simplified it to [e] but *e > [E]; [e] > e, and [E] > jo before non-palatalised consonants (getting Gaelic here!). Ignored by Church loans (e.g. remained [E]), then surviving [E] and [e] merged. | |||
:* Table of outcomes: | |||
::: {| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Proto-Slavic | |||
! OCS | |||
! Bulg. | |||
! Mac. | |||
! S-C | |||
! Slvn. | |||
! Czech | |||
! Slvk. | |||
! Pol. | |||
! Bel. | |||
! Russ. | |||
! Ukr. | |||
|- | |||
| *ě || ě || ja/e || e || (i)je, e, i || е || ě || (i)e || ie, ia || e || e || i | |||
|} | |||
* '''More accent shenanigans which will bite me in the arse later''' | |||