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| | Used for yes-no interrogative sentences, this particle is not bound in ''wa='' Connective structures, and can appear anywhere in a clause; the appearance of the ''ni'' particle is governed by scopal considerations, governing all elements, including clauses, to its left. This is a rare particle, appearing in Classical Minhast, occasionally in the Salmon Speaker dialects, but it is used pervasively in the Horse Speaker dialect, particularly when the speaker wishes to convey or emphasize assertiveness. | | | Used for yes-no interrogative sentences, this particle is not bound in ''wa='' Connective structures, and can appear anywhere in a clause; the appearance of the ''ni'' particle is governed by scopal considerations, governing all elements, including clauses, to its left. This is a rare particle, appearing in Classical Minhast, occasionally in the Salmon Speaker dialects, but it is used pervasively in the Horse Speaker dialect, particularly when the speaker wishes to convey or emphasize assertiveness. |
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| == Derivation ==
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| Minhast relies on NI, often in combination with nominalization, to derive nouns from verbs. Compounding is also used to derive new vocabulary; often this compounding derives from Type I noun incorporation, or a noun phrase (oftentimes a quasi-verb noun) that was originally a ''min'' construction, but due to frequent use the ''min'' connective was eroded and additional morphophonetic changes derived a new noun. Combinations of Type I noun incorporation and nominalization also occur. A few examples of the derivational processes that Minhast employs are illustrated as follows:
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| * Occupation: Type I Noun Incorporation + Nominalization: ''rayy-'' + verb root/complex , e.g. ''raysilapkannaft'' >> ''rayy-silap-gāl=naft'' person-ride.horse- i.e. "horseman" (Horse Speaker dialect);
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| * Place: Quasi-verb NP + NP Compounding: Verb root/complex + ''kian-/kyan/tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattustappe'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-tappe'' >>'' gubbāt-dust min tappe'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-location, i.e. "battlefield" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
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| * Time: Quasi-verb NP + NP Compounding: Verb root/complex + ''-ummak'', e.g. ''gubbattustummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust-ummak'' >> ''gubbāt-dust min ummak'' make.war-RECIP.ADVERS-time.of.doing.something, i.e. "wartime" (Salmon Speaker dialect)
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| * Instrument: Type I Noun Incorporation, e.g. ''isangarsakua'' >> ''isangar-sakua'' >> make.light.with.flame-drinking.glass, i.e. "light bulb"
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| * Manner: Type I Noun Incorporation Verb root/complex + ''tak'' (manner, style), e.g. ''hipsakirimtak'' >> ''hipsa-kirim-tak'' >> MITG-speak-manner, i.e. "soft-spoken (manner)"
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