Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

Line 1,267:

Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''hūlñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).

====Participles====

====Participles and adverbials====

Participles are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.

'''Participles''' are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.

The endings are (in patient-trigger/common voice):

Line 1,279:

Note that voice endings, if final, are always at the end, even if the participle is inflected for case: direct ''męlьsusakæ'' (the one benefacted by giving) but dative ''męlьsusuikæ'' (to the one benefacted by giving).

'''Adverbials''' are formed just like participles by adding a set of endings to the stem. There are two types of adverbials: '''homofocals''', used when the trigger of the adverbial and of the main verb are the same, and '''heterofocals''', used when they are different.

* Present: homofocal '''-lie''' (ext), '''-līne''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nikai''' (ext), '''-ninėk''' (int)

* Aorist: homofocal '''-lūte''' (ext), '''-lūnde''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nakte''' (ext), '''-nalget''' (int)

* Perfect: homofocal '''-līse''', (ext) '''-līmen''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nikṣe''' (ext), '''-nikñe''' (int)

* Future: homofocal '''-iṣre''' (ext), '''-iṣrāṇi''' (int) — heterofocal '''-iṣṇei''' (ext), '''-iṣāṇin''' (int).

Like participles, adverbials have voice affixes after them, but before the root in prefixed verbs. A palatalized consonant becomes a consonant followed by '''i'''. Examples: ''męlilie'', ''męlilieça'', ''primęlilie'', ''priçamęlilie''.

====The verb "to be" (gyake)====

@@ Line 1,267: / Line 1,267: @@
 Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''hūlñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).
-====Participles====
+====Participles and adverbials====
-Participles are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.
+'''Participles''' are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.
 The endings are (in patient-trigger/common voice):
@@ Line 1,279: / Line 1,279: @@
 Note that voice endings, if final, are always at the end, even if the participle is inflected for case: direct ''męlьsusakæ'' (the one benefacted by giving) but dative ''męlьsusuikæ'' (to the one benefacted by giving).
+'''Adverbials''' are formed just like participles by adding a set of endings to the stem. There are two types of adverbials: '''homofocals''', used when the trigger of the adverbial and of the main verb are the same, and '''heterofocals''', used when they are different.
+* Present: homofocal '''-lie''' (ext), '''-līne''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nikai''' (ext), '''-ninėk''' (int)
+* Aorist: homofocal '''-lūte''' (ext), '''-lūnde''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nakte''' (ext), '''-nalget''' (int)
+* Perfect: homofocal '''-līse''', (ext) '''-līmen''' (int) — heterofocal '''-nikṣe''' (ext), '''-nikñe''' (int)
+* Future: homofocal '''-iṣre''' (ext), '''-iṣrāṇi''' (int) — heterofocal '''-iṣṇei''' (ext), '''-iṣāṇin''' (int).
+Like participles, adverbials have voice affixes after them, but before the root in prefixed verbs. A palatalized consonant becomes a consonant followed by '''i'''. Examples: ''męlilie'', ''męlilieça'', ''primęlilie'', ''priçamęlilie''.
 ====The verb "to be" (gyake)====