Tigol/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''sormain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) | ! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''sormain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússan || ''sormain'' < sormynis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormyn || ''as·tóċ'' < astósāconis <br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācon | | 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússan || ''sormain'' < sormynis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormyn || ''as·tóċ'' < astósāconis <br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·derp'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ní·túsar'' < nīs tússar || ''sormair'' < sormyris <br/> ''ní·sormar'' < nīs sormyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācoris<br/>''ní·assaċar'' < nīs ástosācor | | 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ní·túsar'' < nīs tússar || ''sormair'' < sormyris <br/> ''ní·sormar'' < nīs sormyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācoris<br/>''ní·assaċar'' < nīs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''ní·derpar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússam || ''sormaiṁ'' < sormymis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācomis<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācom | | 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússam || ''sormaiṁ'' < sormymis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācomis<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·derp'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ní·túsaé'' < nīs tússasi || ''sormaé'' < sormysis <br/> ''ní·sormaé'' < nīs sormysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosis<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācosi | | 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ní·túsaé'' < nīs tússasi || ''sormaé'' < sormysis <br/> ''ní·sormaé'' < nīs sormysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosis<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''ní·derpaé'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússa || ''soirm'' < sormis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosāco | | 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússa || ''soirm'' < sormis <br/> ''ní·sorm'' < nīs sormy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·derp'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1EX || '' | | 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''ní·túsaiṁ'' < nīs tússamē || ''sormmae'' < sormymēs <br/> ''ní·sormaiṁ'' < nīs sormymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomēs<br/>''ní·assaċaiṁ'' < nīs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·derpaiṁ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ní·túsat'' < nīs tússant || ''sormait'' < sormyntis <br/> ''ní·sormat'' < nīs sormynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācontis<br/>''ní·assaċat'' < nīs ástosācont | | 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ní·túsat'' < nīs tússant || ''sormait'' < sormyntis <br/> ''ní·sormat'' < nīs sormynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācontis<br/>''ní·assaċat'' < nīs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''ní·derpat'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ní·túsaisc'' < nīs tússasce || ''sormaisc'' < sormysces <br/> ''ní·sormasc'' < nīs sormysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosces<br/>''ní·assaċaisc'' < nīs ástosācosce | | 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ní·túsaisc'' < nīs tússasce || ''sormaisc'' < sormysces <br/> ''ní·sormasc'' < nīs sormysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosces<br/>''ní·assaċaisc'' < nīs ástosācosce || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''ní·derpaisc'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ní·túsaḋ'' < nīs tússat || ''sormaiḋ'' < sormytis <br/> ''ní·sormaḋ'' < nīs sormyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācotis<br/>''ní·assaċaḋ'' < nīs ástosācot | | 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ní·túsaḋ'' < nīs tússat || ''sormaiḋ'' < sormytis <br/> ''ní·sormaḋ'' < nīs sormyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācotis<br/>''ní·assaċaḋ'' < nīs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''ní·derpaḋ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 15:39, 18 May 2017
Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
Nouns
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verb prefixes
Preverb prefixes
Object prefixes
Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
Verb TAMs
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
- Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
- Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sormaiṁ /sormai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·sorma /niːˈsorma/ 'he does not find' (modern sorm)
- Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
- Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dor·coḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobymis 'at-on-bear'), ní·derp /niːˈderp/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern dearb)
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
Present
| Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1SG | túsain < tússanis ní·tús < nīs tússan |
sormain < sormynis ní·sorm < nīs sormyn |
as·tóċ < astósāconis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācon |
dor·coḃ ní·derp |
| 2SG | túsair < tússaris ní·túsar < nīs tússar |
sormair < sormyris ní·sormar < nīs sormyr |
as·tóċar < astósācoris ní·assaċar < nīs ástosācor |
dor·coḃar ní·derpar |
| 3SG.M | túsaiṁ < tússamis ní·tús < nīs tússam |
sormaiṁ < sormymis ní·sorm < nīs sormym |
as·tóċ < astósācomis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācom |
dor·coḃ ní·derp |
| 3SG.F | túsaé < tússasis ní·túsaé < nīs tússasi |
sormaé < sormysis ní·sormaé < nīs sormysi |
as·tóċaé < astósācosis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācosi |
dor·coḃaé ní·derpaé |
| 3SG.N | tús < tússas ní·tús < nīs tússa |
soirm < sormis ní·sorm < nīs sormy |
as·tóċ < astósācos ní·assaċ < nīs ástosāco |
dor·coḃ ní·derp |
| 1EX | túsmae < tússamēs ní·túsaiṁ < nīs tússamē |
sormmae < sormymēs ní·sormaiṁ < nīs sormymē |
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomēs ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs ástosācomē |
dor·coḃaiṁ ní·derpaiṁ |
| 1IN | túsait < tússantis ní·túsat < nīs tússant |
sormait < sormyntis ní·sormat < nīs sormynt |
as·tóċat < astósācontis ní·assaċat < nīs ástosācont |
dor·coḃat ní·derpat |
| 2PL | túsaisc < tússasces ní·túsaisc < nīs tússasce |
sormaisc < sormysces ní·sormasc < nīs sormysce |
as·tóċaisc < astósācosces ní·assaċaisc < nīs ástosācosce |
dor·coḃaisc ní·derpaisc |
| 3PL | túsaiḋ < tússatis ní·túsaḋ < nīs tússat |
sormaiḋ < sormytis ní·sormaḋ < nīs sormyt |
as·tóċaḋ < astósācotis ní·assaċaḋ < nīs ástosācot |
dor·coḃaḋ ní·derpaḋ |
Imperfect
The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.
Preterite
| Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1SG | túsnaim < tússannemis ní·túsainn < nīs tússannem |
sirmnim < sirminnemis ní·sirminn < nīs sirminnem |
as·tóċainn < astósāconnemis ní·assaċainn < nīs ástosāconnem |
| 2SG | túsaí < tússavȳs ní·túsaí < nīs tússavȳ |
sirmí < sirmivȳs ní·sirmí < nīs sirmivȳ |
as·tóċaí < astósācovȳs ní·assaċaí < nīs ástosācovȳ |
| 3SG.M | túsaim < tússasmis ní·túsaim < nīs tússasmi |
sirmim < sirmismis ní·sirmim < nīs sirmismi |
as·tóċaim < astósācosmis ní·assaċaim < nīs ástosācosmi |
| 3SG.F | túsais < tússastis ní·túsais < nīs tússasti |
sirmis < sirmistis ní·sirmis < nīs sirmisti |
as·tóċais < astósācostis ní·assaċais < nīs ástosācosti |
| 3SG.N | túsá < tússasos ní·túsá < nīs tússaso |
sirmeo < sirmisos ní·sirmeo < nīs sirmiso |
as·tóċá < astósācosos ní·assaċá < nīs ástosācoso |
| 1EX | túsmair < tússameris ní·túsmar < nīs tússamer |
sirmmir < sirmimeris ní·sirmmer < nīs sirmimeris |
as·tóċmar < astósācomeris ní·assaċmar < nīs ástosācomer |
| 1IN | túsdair < tússanteris ní·túsdar < nīs tússanter |
sirmdir < sirminteris ní·sirmder < nīs sirminteris |
as·tóċdar < astósāconteris ní·assaċdar < nīs ástosāconter |
| 2PL | tússcair < tússasceris ní·tússcar < nīs tússascer |
sirmscir < sirmisceris ní·sirmscer < nīs sirmisceris |
as·tóċscar < astósācosceris ní·assaċscar < nīs ástosācoscer |
| 3PL | túsṫair < tússateris ní·túsṫar < nīs tússater |
sirmṫir < sirmiteris ní·sirmṫer < nīs sirmiteris |
as·tóċṫar < astósācoteris ní·assaċṫar < nīs ástosācoter |
Future
Subjunctive
Conditional
Combination of optative/future + preterite