Tigol/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs: | Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs: | ||
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' / | *Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'') | ||
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' / | *Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'') | ||
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' / | *Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'') | ||
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' / | *Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'') | ||
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed. | In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed. |
Revision as of 00:49, 19 June 2017
Old Tíogall is a highly inflected fusional language, much more so than modern Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
Nouns
Nouns fall into one of masculine, feminine and neuter genders and inflect for singular and plural numbers, inherited from the Thensarian singulative and plurative.
The definite article, inherited from the Thensarian demonstrative inom, is in for singular nouns and na for plural nouns; they trigger mutations based on gender.
Nouns are also inflected for construct state and take possessive suffixes, inherited from Thensarian.
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verb prefixes
Preverb prefixes
Object prefixes
Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
Verb TAMs
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
- Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', bó·tús /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
- Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. soṁaiṁ /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', bó·soṁa /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern somh)
- Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', bó·assaċ /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
- Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dor·coḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobymis 'at-on-bear'), bó·dérb /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern déarb)
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
Present
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsain < tússanis bó·tús < bocs tússan |
soṁain < somynis bó·soṁ < bocs somyn |
as·tóċan < astósācon bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācon |
dor·coḃ bó·dérb |
2SG | túsair < tússaris bó·túsar < bocs tússar |
soṁair < somyris bó·soṁar < bocs somyr |
as·tóċar < astósācor bó·assaċar < bocs ástosācor |
dor·coḃar bó·dérbar |
3SG.M | túsaiṁ < tússamis bó·tús < bocs tússam |
soṁaiṁ < somymis bó·soṁ < bocs somym |
as·tóċ < astósācom bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācom |
dor·coḃ bó·dérb |
3SG.F | túsaé < tússasis bó·túsaé < bocs tússasi |
soṁaé < somysis bó·soṁaé < bocs somysi |
as·tóċaé < astósācosi bó·assaċ < bocs ástosācosi |
dor·coḃaé bó·dérbaé |
3SG.N | tús < tússas bó·tús < bocs tússa |
soiṁ < somis bó·soṁ < bocs somy |
as·tóċ < astósācos bó·assaċ < bocs ástosāco |
dor·coḃ bó·dérb |
1EX | túsmae < tússamēs bó·túsaiṁ < bocs tússamē |
sommae < somymēs bó·soṁaiṁ < bocs somymē |
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomē bó·assaċaiṁ < bocs ástosācomē |
dor·coḃaiṁ bó·dérbaiṁ |
1IN | túsait < tússantis bó·túsat < bocs tússant |
soṁait < somyntis bó·soṁat < bocs somynt |
as·tóċat < astósācont bó·assaċat < bocs ástosācont |
dor·coḃat bó·dérbat |
2PL | túsaisc < tússasces bó·túsaisc < bocs tússasce |
soṁaisc < somysces bó·soṁasc < bocs somysce |
as·tóċaisc < astósācosce bó·assaċaisc < bocs ástosācosce |
dor·coḃaisc bó·dérbaisc |
3PL | túsaiḋ < tússatis bó·túsaḋ < bocs tússat |
soṁaiḋ < somytis bó·soṁaḋ < bocs somyt |
as·tóċaḋ < astósācot bó·assaċaḋ < bocs ástosācot |
dor·coḃaḋ bó·dérbaḋ |
Imperfect
The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | téussain < tétussanis bó·téuss < bocs tétussan |
séṁain < sésomynis bó·séṁ < bocs sésomyn |
as·tecc bó·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ bó·dercob |
2SG | téussair < tétussaris bó·téussar < bocs tétussar |
séṁair < somyris bó·séṁar < bocs sésomyr |
as·teccar bó·astóċar |
dor·coġḃar bó·dercobar |
3SG.M | téussaiṁ < tétussamis bó·téuss < bocs tétussam |
séṁaiṁ < sésomymis bó·séṁ < bocs sésomym |
as·tecc bó·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ bó·dercob |
3SG.F | téussaé < tétussasis bó·téussaé < bocs tétussasi |
séṁaé < sésomysis bó·séṁaé < bocs sésomysi |
as·teccaé bó·astóċaé |
dor·coġḃaé bó·dercobaé |
3SG.N | téuss < tétussas bó·téuss < bocs tétussa |
séṁ < sésomis bó·séṁ < bocs sésomy |
as·tecc bó·astóċ |
dor·coġḃ bó·dercob |
1EX | téussaiṁ < tétussamēs bó·téussaiṁ < bocs tétussamē |
sémmae < sésomymēs bó·séṁaiṁ < bocs sésomymē |
as·teccaiṁ bó·astóċaiṁ |
dor·coġḃaiṁ bó·dercobaiṁ |
1IN | téussait < tétussantis bó·téussat < bocs tétussant |
séṁait < sésomyntis bó·séṁat < bocs sésomynt |
as·teccat bó·astóċat |
dor·coġḃat bó·dercobat |
2PL | téussaisc < tétussasces bó·téussaisc < bocs tétussasce |
séṁaisc < sésomysces bó·soṁasc < bocs sésomysce |
as·teccaisc bó·astóċaisc |
dor·coġḃaisc bó·dercobaisc |
3PL | téussaiḋ < tétussatis bó·téussaḋ < bocs tétussat |
séṁaiḋ < sésomytis bó·séṁaḋ < bocs sésomyt |
as·teccaḋ bó·astóċaḋ |
dor·coġḃaḋ bó·dercobaḋ |
Preterite
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsnaim < tússannemis bó·túsainn < bocs tússannem |
siṁnim < siminnemis bó·siṁinn < bocs siminnem |
as·tóċainn < astósāconnem bó·assaċainn < bocs ástosāconnem |
dor·ciḃinn bó·déirbinn |
2SG | túsaí < tússavȳs bó·túsaí < bocs tússavȳ |
siṁí < simivȳs bó·siṁí < bocs simivȳ |
as·tóċaí < astósācovȳ bó·assaċaí < bocs ástosācovȳ |
dor·ciḃí bó·déirbí |
3SG.M | túsaim < tússasmis bó·túsaim < bocs tússasmi |
siṁim < simismis bó·siṁim < bocs simismi |
as·tóċaim < astósācosmi bó·assaċaim < bocs ástosācosmi |
dor·ciḃim bó·déirbim |
3SG.F | túsais < tússastis bó·túsais < bocs tússasti |
siṁis < simistis bó·siṁis < bocs simisti |
as·tóċais < astósācosti bó·assaċais < bocs ástosācosti |
dor·ciḃis bó·déirbis |
3SG.N | túsá < tússasos bó·túsá < bocs tússaso |
siṁeo < simisos bó·siṁeo < bocs simiso |
as·tóċá < astósācoso bó·assaċá < bocs ástosācoso |
dor·ciḃeo bó·déirbeo |
1EX | túsmair < tússameris bó·túsmar < bocs tússamer |
simmir < simimeris bó·simmer < bocs simimeris |
as·tóċmar < astósācomer bó·assaċmar < bocs ástosācomer |
dor·ciḃmer bó·déirbmer |
1IN | túsdair < tússanteris bó·túsdar < bocs tússanter |
siṁdir < siminteris bó·siṁder < bocs siminteris |
as·tóċdar < astósāconter bó·assaċdar < bocs ástosāconter |
dor·ciḃder bó·déirbder |
2PL | tússcair < tússasceris bó·tússcar < bocs tússascer |
siṁscir < simisceris bó·siṁscer < bocs simisceris |
as·tóċscar < astósācosceris bó·assaċscar < bocs ástosācoscer |
dor·ciḃscer bó·déirbscer |
3PL | túsṫair < tússateris bó·túsṫar < bocs tússater |
siṁṫir < simiteris bó·siṁṫer < bocs simiteris |
as·tóċṫar < astósācoter bó·assaċṫar < bocs ástosācoter |
dor·ciḃṫer bó·déirbṫer |
Future
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
soṁain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
dor·coḃ "tolerate" (prefixed, ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsṫain < tússatēnis bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatēn |
sóitin < sontēnis bó·sóit < bocs sontēn |
as·tóċtan bó·assaċt |
dor·coċtan bó·derċtan |
2SG | túsṫair < tússatēris bó·túsṫar < bocs tússatēr |
sóitir < sontēris bó·sóiter < bocs sontēr |
as·tóċtar bó·assaċtar |
dor·coċtar bó·derċtar |
3SG.M | túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmis bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatēm |
sóitiṁ < sontēmis bó·sóit < bocs somym |
as·tóċt bó·assaċt |
dor·coċt bó·derċt |
3SG.F | túsṫaé < tússatēsis bó·túsṫaé < bocs tússatēsi |
sóité < sontēsis bó·sóité < bocs somysi |
as·tóċtaé bó·assaċtaé |
dor·coċtaé bó·derċtaé |
3SG.N | túsaiḋ < tússatēs bó·túsaiḋ < bocs tússatē |
sóit < sontēs bó·sóit < bocs sontē |
as·tóċt bó·assaċt |
dor·coċt bó·derċt |
1EX | túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmēs túsṫaiṁ < bocs tússatēmē |
sóitiṁ < sontēmēs bó·sóiteṁ < bocs sontēm |
as·tóċtaiṁ bó·assaċtaiṁ |
dor·coċtaiṁ bó·derċtaiṁ |
1IN | túsṫait < tússatēntis bó·túsṫat < bocs tússatēnt |
sóitit < sontēntis bó·sóitet < bocs sontēnt |
as·tóċtat bó·assaċtat |
dor·coċtat bó·derċtat |
2PL | túsṫaisc < tússatēsces bó·túsṫaisc < bocs tússatēsce |
sóitisc < sontēsces bó·sóitisc < bocs sontēsce |
as·tóċtaisc bó·assaċtaisc |
dor·coċtaisc bó·derċtaisc |
3PL | túsṫaiḋ < tússatētis bó·túsṫaḋ < bocs tússatēt |
sóitiḋ < sontētis bó·sóiteḋ < bocs sontēt |
as·tóċtaḋ bó·assaċtaḋ |
dor·coċtaḋ bó·derċtaḋ |