Tigol/Morphology: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Line 18: Line 18:
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:


*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''ní·tús'' /niːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somʰai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''ní·soṁa'' /niːˈsomʰa/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''ní·assaċ'' /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''ní·dérb'' /niːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')


In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.  
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.  
Line 29: Line 29:
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
|-
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somyn || ''as·tóċan''  < astósācon<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ní·tús'' < nīstússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīssomyn || ''as·tóċan''  < astósācon<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīsástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
|-
|-
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''bó·túsar'' < bocs tússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''bó·soṁar'' < bocs somyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''bó·assaċar'' < bocs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''bó·dérbar''
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ní·túsar'' < nīstússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ní·soṁar'' < nīssomyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''ní·assaċar'' < nīsástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''ní·dérbar''
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīstússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīssomym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīsástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''bó·túsaé'' < bocs tússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''bó·soṁaé'' < bocs somysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''bó·dérbaé''
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ní·túsaé'' < nīstússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''ní·soṁaé'' < nīssomysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīsástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''ní·dérbaé''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīstússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīssomy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīsástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
|-
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''bó·túsaiṁ'' < bocs tússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''bó·soṁaiṁ'' < bocs somymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''bó·assaċaiṁ'' < bocs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·dérbaiṁ''
| 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''ní·túsaiṁ'' < nīstússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''ní·soṁaiṁ'' < nīssomymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''ní·assaċaiṁ'' < nīsástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·dérbaiṁ''
|-
|-
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''bó·túsat'' < bocs tússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''bó·soṁat'' < bocs somynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''bó·assaċat'' < bocs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''bó·dérbat''
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ní·túsat'' < nīstússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''ní·soṁat'' < nīssomynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''ní·assaċat'' < nīsástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''ní·dérbat''
|-
|-
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''bó·túsaisc'' < bocs tússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''bó·soṁasc'' < bocs somysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''bó·assaċaisc'' < bocs ástosācosce || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''bó·dérbaisc''
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ní·túsaisc'' < nīstússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''ní·soṁasc'' < nīssomysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''ní·assaċaisc'' < nīsástosācosce || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''ní·dérbaisc''
|-
|-
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''bó·túsaḋ'' < bocs tússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''bó·soṁaḋ'' < bocs somyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''bó·assaċaḋ'' < bocs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''bó·dérbaḋ''
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ní·túsaḋ'' < nīstússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''ní·soṁaḋ'' < nīssomyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''ní·assaċaḋ'' < nīsástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''ní·dérbaḋ''
|}
|}


Line 55: Line 55:
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
|-
| 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
| 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīstétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīssésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
|-
|-
| 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''bó·téussar'' < bocs tétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''bó·séṁar'' < bocs sésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''bó·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''bó·dercobar''
| 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''ní·téussar'' < nīstétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ní·séṁar'' < nīssésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''ní·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''ní·dercobar''
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
| 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīstétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīssésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''bó·téussaé'' < bocs tétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''bó·séṁaé'' < bocs sésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''bó·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''bó·dercobaé''
| 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''ní·téussaé'' < nīstétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''ní·séṁaé'' < nīssésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''ní·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''ní·dercobaé''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
| 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīstétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīssésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
|-
|-
| 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''bó·téussaiṁ'' < bocs tétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''bó·séṁaiṁ'' < bocs sésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''bó·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·dercobaiṁ''
| 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''ní·téussaiṁ'' < nīstétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''ní·séṁaiṁ'' < nīssésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''ní·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·dercobaiṁ''
|-
|-
| 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''bó·téussat'' < bocs tétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''bó·séṁat'' < bocs sésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''bó·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''bó·dercobat''
| 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''ní·téussat'' < nīstétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''ní·séṁat'' < nīssésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''ní·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''ní·dercobat''
|-
|-
| 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''bó·téussaisc'' < bocs tétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''bó·soṁasc'' < bocs sésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''bó·astóċaisc''  || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''bó·dercobaisc''
| 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''ní·téussaisc'' < nīstétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''ní·soṁasc'' < nīssésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''ní·astóċaisc''  || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''ní·dercobaisc''
|-
|-
| 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''bó·téussaḋ'' < bocs tétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''bó·séṁaḋ'' < bocs sésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''bó·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''bó·dercobaḋ''
| 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''ní·téussaḋ'' < nīstétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''ní·séṁaḋ'' < nīssésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''ní·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''ní·dercobaḋ''
|}
|}


Line 79: Line 79:
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
|-
| 1SG || '' túsnaim'' < tússannemis <br/>''bó·túsainn'' < bocs tússannem || ''siṁnim'' < siminnemis<br/>''bó·siṁinn'' < bocs siminnem || ''as·tóċainn'' < astósāconnem<br/>''bó·assaċainn'' < bocs ástosāconnem || ''dor·ciḃinn''<br/> ''bó·déirbinn''
| 1SG || '' túsnaim'' < tússannemis <br/>''ní·túsainn'' < nīstússannem || ''siṁnim'' < siminnemis<br/>''ní·siṁinn'' < nīssiminnem || ''as·tóċainn'' < astósāconnem<br/>''ní·assaċainn'' < nīsástosāconnem || ''dor·ciḃinn''<br/> ''ní·déirbinn''
|-
|-
| 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavȳs<br/>''bó·túsaí'' < bocs tússavȳ || ''siṁí'' < simivȳs<br/>''bó·siṁí'' < bocs simivȳ || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovȳ<br/>''bó·assaċaí'' < bocs ástosācovȳ || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''bó·déirbí''
| 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavȳs<br/>''ní·túsaí'' < nīstússavȳ || ''siṁí'' < simivȳs<br/>''ní·siṁí'' < nīssimivȳ || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovȳ<br/>''ní·assaċaí'' < nīsástosācovȳ || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ní·déirbí''
|-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''bó·déirbí''
|-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ní·déirbí''
| 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''bó·túsaim'' < bocs tússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''bó·siṁim'' < bocs simismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''bó·assaċaim'' < bocs ástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''bó·déirbim''
| 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''ní·túsaim'' < nīstússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''ní·siṁim'' < nīssimismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''ní·assaċaim'' < nīsástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''ní·déirbim''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''bó·túsais'' < bocs tússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''bó·siṁis'' < bocs simisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''bó·assaċais'' < bocs ástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''bó·déirbis''
| 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''ní·túsais'' < nīstússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''ní·siṁis'' < nīssimisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''ní·assaċais'' < nīsástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''ní·déirbis''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''bó·túsá'' < bocs tússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''bó·siṁeo'' < bocs simiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''bó·assaċá'' < bocs ástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''bó·déirbeo''
| 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''ní·túsá'' < nīstússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''ní·siṁeo'' < nīssimiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''ní·assaċá'' < nīsástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''ní·déirbeo''
|-
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''bó·túsmar'' < bocs tússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''bó·simmer'' < bocs simimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''bó·assaċmar'' < bocs ástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''bó·déirbmer''
| 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''ní·túsmar'' < nīstússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''ní·simmer'' < nīssimimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''ní·assaċmar'' < nīsástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''ní·déirbmer''
|-
|-
| 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''bó·túsdar'' < bocs tússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''bó·siṁder'' < bocs siminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''bó·assaċdar'' < bocs ástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''bó·déirbder''
| 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''ní·túsdar'' < nīstússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''ní·siṁder'' < nīssiminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''ní·assaċdar'' < nīsástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''ní·déirbder''
|-
|-
| 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''bó·tússcar'' < bocs tússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''bó·siṁscer'' < bocs simisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''bó·assaċscar'' < bocs ástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''bó·déirbscer''
| 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''ní·tússcar'' < nīstússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''ní·siṁscer'' < nīssimisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''ní·assaċscar'' < nīsástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''ní·déirbscer''
|-
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫair'' < tússateris<br/>''bó·túsṫar'' < bocs tússater || ''siṁṫir'' < simiteris<br/>''bó·siṁṫer'' < bocs simiteris || '' as·tóċṫar'' < astósācoter<br/>''bó·assaċṫar'' < bocs ástosācoter || ''dor·ciḃṫer''<br/> ''bó·déirbṫer''
| 3PL || '' túsṫair'' < tússateris<br/>''ní·túsṫar'' < nīstússater || ''siṁṫir'' < simiteris<br/>''ní·siṁṫer'' < nīssimiteris || '' as·tóċṫar'' < astósācoter<br/>''ní·assaċṫar'' < nīsástosācoter || ''dor·ciḃṫer''<br/> ''ní·déirbṫer''
|}
|}


Line 103: Line 103:
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
|-
| 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs sontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''bó·assaċt''  || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''bó·derċtan''
| 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīstússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīssontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''ní·assaċt''  || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''ní·derċtan''
|-
|-
| 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''bó·túsṫar'' < bocs tússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''bó·sóiter'' < bocs sontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''bó·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''bó·derċtar''
| 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''ní·túsṫar'' < nīstússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''ní·sóiter'' < nīssontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''ní·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''ní·derċtar''
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs somym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''bó·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''bó·derċt''
| 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīstússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīssomym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''ní·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ní·derċt''
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''bó·túsṫaé'' < bocs tússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''bó·sóité'' < bocs somysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''bó·derċtaé''
| 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''ní·túsṫaé'' < nīstússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''ní·sóité'' < nīssomysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''ní·derċtaé''
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs sontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''bó·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''bó·derċt''
| 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīstússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīssontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''ní·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ní·derċt''
|-
|-
| 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < bocs tússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''bó·sóiteṁ'' < bocs sontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·derċtaiṁ''
| 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < nīstússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''ní·sóiteṁ'' < nīssontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·derċtaiṁ''
|-
|-
| 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''bó·túsṫat'' < bocs tússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''bó·sóitet'' < bocs sontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''bó·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''bó·derċtat''
| 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''ní·túsṫat'' < nīstússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''ní·sóitet'' < nīssontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''ní·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''ní·derċtat''
|-
|-
| 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''bó·túsṫaisc'' < bocs tússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''bó·sóitisc'' < bocs sontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''bó·assaċtaisc''  || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''bó·derċtaisc''
| 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''ní·túsṫaisc'' < nīstússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''ní·sóitisc'' < nīssontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''ní·assaċtaisc''  || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''ní·derċtaisc''
|-
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''bó·túsṫaḋ'' < bocs tússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''bó·sóiteḋ'' < bocs sontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaḋ''  || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''bó·derċtaḋ''
| 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''ní·túsṫaḋ'' < nīstússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''ní·sóiteḋ'' < nīssontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaḋ''  || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''ní·derċtaḋ''
|}
|}


Line 127: Line 127:
===Verbal noun===
===Verbal noun===


[[Category:Old Tíogall]][[Category:Clotricin]]
[[Category:Old Bhadhagha]][[Category:Clotricin]]
[[Category:Tíogall]]
[[Category:Bhadhagha]]

Revision as of 07:01, 5 July 2017

Old Tíogall is a highly inflected fusional language, much more so than modern Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.

Nouns

Nouns fall into one of masculine, feminine and neuter genders and inflect for singular and plural numbers, inherited from the Thensarian singulative and plurative.

The definite article, inherited from the Thensarian demonstrative inom, is in for singular nouns and na for plural nouns; they trigger mutations based on gender.

Nouns are also inflected for construct state and take possessive suffixes, inherited from Thensarian.

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verb prefixes

Preverb prefixes

Object prefixes

Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.

Verb TAMs

Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:

  • Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·tús /niːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
  • Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. soṁaiṁ /somʰai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·soṁa /niːˈsomʰa/ 'he does not find' (modern somh)
  • Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
  • Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dor·coḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobymis 'at-on-bear'), ní·dérb /niːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern déarb)

In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.

Present

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)		 soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)		 as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)		 dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsain < tússanis
ní·tús < nīstússan		 soṁain < somynis
ní·soṁ < nīssomyn		 as·tóċan < astósācon
ní·assaċ < nīsástosācon		 dor·coḃ
ní·dérb
2SG túsair < tússaris
ní·túsar < nīstússar		 soṁair < somyris
ní·soṁar < nīssomyr		 as·tóċar < astósācor
ní·assaċar < nīsástosācor		 dor·coḃar
ní·dérbar
3SG.M túsaiṁ < tússamis
ní·tús < nīstússam		 soṁaiṁ < somymis
ní·soṁ < nīssomym		 as·tóċ < astósācom
ní·assaċ < nīsástosācom		 dor·coḃ
ní·dérb
3SG.F túsaé < tússasis
ní·túsaé < nīstússasi		 soṁaé < somysis
ní·soṁaé < nīssomysi		 as·tóċaé < astósācosi
ní·assaċ < nīsástosācosi		 dor·coḃaé
ní·dérbaé
3SG.N tús < tússas
ní·tús < nīstússa		 soiṁ < somis
ní·soṁ < nīssomy		 as·tóċ < astósācos
ní·assaċ < nīsástosāco		 dor·coḃ
ní·dérb
1EX túsmae < tússamēs
ní·túsaiṁ < nīstússamē		 sommae < somymēs
ní·soṁaiṁ < nīssomymē		 as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomē
ní·assaċaiṁ < nīsástosācomē		 dor·coḃaiṁ
ní·dérbaiṁ
1IN túsait < tússantis
ní·túsat < nīstússant		 soṁait < somyntis
ní·soṁat < nīssomynt		 as·tóċat < astósācont
ní·assaċat < nīsástosācont		 dor·coḃat
ní·dérbat
2PL túsaisc < tússasces
ní·túsaisc < nīstússasce		 soṁaisc < somysces
ní·soṁasc < nīssomysce		 as·tóċaisc < astósācosce
ní·assaċaisc < nīsástosācosce		 dor·coḃaisc
ní·dérbaisc
3PL túsaiḋ < tússatis
ní·túsaḋ < nīstússat		 soṁaiḋ < somytis
ní·soṁaḋ < nīssomyt		 as·tóċaḋ < astósācot
ní·assaċaḋ < nīsástosācot		 dor·coḃaḋ
ní·dérbaḋ

Imperfect

The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian.

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)		 soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)		 as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)		 dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG téussain < tétussanis
ní·téuss < nīstétussan		 séṁain < sésomynis
ní·séṁ < nīssésomyn		 as·tecc
ní·astóċ		 dor·coġḃ
ní·dercob
2SG téussair < tétussaris
ní·téussar < nīstétussar		 séṁair < somyris
ní·séṁar < nīssésomyr		 as·teccar
ní·astóċar		 dor·coġḃar
ní·dercobar
3SG.M téussaiṁ < tétussamis
ní·téuss < nīstétussam		 séṁaiṁ < sésomymis
ní·séṁ < nīssésomym		 as·tecc
ní·astóċ		 dor·coġḃ
ní·dercob
3SG.F téussaé < tétussasis
ní·téussaé < nīstétussasi		 séṁaé < sésomysis
ní·séṁaé < nīssésomysi		 as·teccaé
ní·astóċaé		 dor·coġḃaé
ní·dercobaé
3SG.N téuss < tétussas
ní·téuss < nīstétussa		 séṁ < sésomis
ní·séṁ < nīssésomy		 as·tecc
ní·astóċ		 dor·coġḃ
ní·dercob
1EX téussaiṁ < tétussamēs
ní·téussaiṁ < nīstétussamē		 sémmae < sésomymēs
ní·séṁaiṁ < nīssésomymē		 as·teccaiṁ
ní·astóċaiṁ		 dor·coġḃaiṁ
ní·dercobaiṁ
1IN téussait < tétussantis
ní·téussat < nīstétussant		 séṁait < sésomyntis
ní·séṁat < nīssésomynt		 as·teccat
ní·astóċat		 dor·coġḃat
ní·dercobat
2PL téussaisc < tétussasces
ní·téussaisc < nīstétussasce		 séṁaisc < sésomysces
ní·soṁasc < nīssésomysce		 as·teccaisc
ní·astóċaisc		 dor·coġḃaisc
ní·dercobaisc
3PL téussaiḋ < tétussatis
ní·téussaḋ < nīstétussat		 séṁaiḋ < sésomytis
ní·séṁaḋ < nīssésomyt		 as·teccaḋ
ní·astóċaḋ		 dor·coġḃaḋ
ní·dercobaḋ

Preterite

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)		 soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)		 as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)		 dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsnaim < tússannemis
ní·túsainn < nīstússannem		 siṁnim < siminnemis
ní·siṁinn < nīssiminnem		 as·tóċainn < astósāconnem
ní·assaċainn < nīsástosāconnem		 dor·ciḃinn
ní·déirbinn
2SG túsaí < tússavȳs
ní·túsaí < nīstússavȳ		 siṁí < simivȳs
ní·siṁí < nīssimivȳ		 as·tóċaí < astósācovȳ
ní·assaċaí < nīsástosācovȳ		 dor·ciḃí
ní·déirbí
3SG.M túsaim < tússasmis
ní·túsaim < nīstússasmi		 siṁim < simismis
ní·siṁim < nīssimismi		 as·tóċaim < astósācosmi
ní·assaċaim < nīsástosācosmi		 dor·ciḃim
ní·déirbim
3SG.F túsais < tússastis
ní·túsais < nīstússasti		 siṁis < simistis
ní·siṁis < nīssimisti		 as·tóċais < astósācosti
ní·assaċais < nīsástosācosti		 dor·ciḃis
ní·déirbis
3SG.N túsá < tússasos
ní·túsá < nīstússaso		 siṁeo < simisos
ní·siṁeo < nīssimiso		 as·tóċá < astósācoso
ní·assaċá < nīsástosācoso		 dor·ciḃeo
ní·déirbeo
1EX túsmair < tússameris
ní·túsmar < nīstússamer		 simmir < simimeris
ní·simmer < nīssimimeris		 as·tóċmar < astósācomer
ní·assaċmar < nīsástosācomer		 dor·ciḃmer
ní·déirbmer
1IN túsdair < tússanteris
ní·túsdar < nīstússanter		 siṁdir < siminteris
ní·siṁder < nīssiminteris		 as·tóċdar < astósāconter
ní·assaċdar < nīsástosāconter		 dor·ciḃder
ní·déirbder
2PL tússcair < tússasceris
ní·tússcar < nīstússascer		 siṁscir < simisceris
ní·siṁscer < nīssimisceris		 as·tóċscar < astósācosceris
ní·assaċscar < nīsástosācoscer		 dor·ciḃscer
ní·déirbscer
3PL túsṫair < tússateris
ní·túsṫar < nīstússater		 siṁṫir < simiteris
ní·siṁṫer < nīssimiteris		 as·tóċṫar < astósācoter
ní·assaċṫar < nīsástosācoter		 dor·ciḃṫer
ní·déirbṫer

Future

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)		 soṁain '"find"
(non-prefixed, ablauting)		 as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)		 dor·coḃ "tolerate"
(prefixed, ablauting)
1SG túsṫain < tússatēnis
ní·túsaiḋ < nīstússatēn		 sóitin < sontēnis
ní·sóit < nīssontēn		 as·tóċtan
ní·assaċt		 dor·coċtan
ní·derċtan
2SG túsṫair < tússatēris
ní·túsṫar < nīstússatēr		 sóitir < sontēris
ní·sóiter < nīssontēr		 as·tóċtar
ní·assaċtar		 dor·coċtar
ní·derċtar
3SG.M túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmis
ní·túsaiḋ < nīstússatēm		 sóitiṁ < sontēmis
ní·sóit < nīssomym		 as·tóċt
ní·assaċt		 dor·coċt
ní·derċt
3SG.F túsṫaé < tússatēsis
ní·túsṫaé < nīstússatēsi		 sóité < sontēsis
ní·sóité < nīssomysi		 as·tóċtaé
ní·assaċtaé		 dor·coċtaé
ní·derċtaé
3SG.N túsaiḋ < tússatēs
ní·túsaiḋ < nīstússatē		 sóit < sontēs
ní·sóit < nīssontē		 as·tóċt
ní·assaċt		 dor·coċt
ní·derċt
1EX túsṫaiṁ < tússatēmēs
túsṫaiṁ < nīstússatēmē		 sóitiṁ < sontēmēs
ní·sóiteṁ < nīssontēm		 as·tóċtaiṁ
ní·assaċtaiṁ		 dor·coċtaiṁ
ní·derċtaiṁ
1IN túsṫait < tússatēntis
ní·túsṫat < nīstússatēnt		 sóitit < sontēntis
ní·sóitet < nīssontēnt		 as·tóċtat
ní·assaċtat		 dor·coċtat
ní·derċtat
2PL túsṫaisc < tússatēsces
ní·túsṫaisc < nīstússatēsce		 sóitisc < sontēsces
ní·sóitisc < nīssontēsce		 as·tóċtaisc
ní·assaċtaisc		 dor·coċtaisc
ní·derċtaisc
3PL túsṫaiḋ < tússatētis
ní·túsṫaḋ < nīstússatēt		 sóitiḋ < sontētis
ní·sóiteḋ < nīssontēt		 as·tóċtaḋ
ní·assaċtaḋ		 dor·coċtaḋ
ní·derċtaḋ

Present subjunctive

Past subjunctive

Imperative

Verbal noun

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Tigol/Morphology&oldid=77692"