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Rhythoed is the most dominant modern descendant of Old Windermere, spoken all over Bjeheond and Fyxám and in much of Wen Dămea.
Todo
21 accents in Rhythoed?
Diachronics
Phonological history
- ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
- r > ɹ in the Bjeheond dialect (Talma has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Bjeheond has a British RP-ish accent)
- l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
- ł > ś, ş > ṣ
Grammatical history
- Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
- Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | unaspirated | b /p~b/ | d /t~d/ | g /k~g/ | |||||
aspirated | p /pʰ~p/ | t /tʰ~t/ | c /kʰ~k/ | ' /ʔ/ | |||||
Affricate | ts /ts/ | tł /tɕ/ | |||||||
Fricative | unvoiced | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | ș /ʂ/ | ł /ɕ/ | ch /x/ | ||
voiced | f’ /v/ | th’ /ð/ | |||||||
Resonant | w /w/ | r /ɹ~ɻ~r/ | y /j/ | l /ʟ~ɫ/ |
Vowels
|
|
- Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
- [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.
The Bjeheond dialect
Bjeheondian Rhythoed is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or ar are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə ɑə/. The stops b d g are voiced. The vowel ă is /ɨ/.
Vowels before /ʟ/
Stress
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Morphology
Verbs
Verbs are not conjugated, but are used with auxiliaries.
Auxiliaries
Tense auxiliaries
I | thou | he | she | it | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | mor | moł | mon | mos | mot | mots | mob | mong | mam |
preterite | chear | cheał | chean | chels | chelt | chelts | chelb | cheang | cheam |
future | per | perł | pern | pers | pert | perts | perb | perng | perm |
Emphatic auxiliaries: mor rie, moł łen, mon in ...
Syntax
AuxSVO
- Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.
- PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
- I speak of love and hate.
- Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.
- PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
- The bird is eating a seed.