Häskä
Häskä | |
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Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
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Häskä (dülut Häskä /dʉlut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Malay-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.
consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ñ /ŋ/ | ||||
Stop | plain | (p /p/) | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||
Fricative | f /f/ | s /s/ | x /ɬ/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | ||
Affricate | c /ts/ | q /tɬ/ | č /tʃ/ | ||||
Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/
in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä
Morphology
Nouns
Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. The feminine marker is -s or -əs.
Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?
Modern Häskä number markers:
- sä = singular
- ta = plural
- hän = collective
Verbs
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.
In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the syntax VERB yac, lit. 'VERB with us (exc)'.
Verbs and adjectives are actually predicate nouns, so a patient trigger verb can be used as a patient noun just by placing a case marker in front of it.
Aspect
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)
- imperfective/stative = unmarked
- perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
- prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
- momentane = bla-
- progressive = ăL-
- gnomic = FăL-
- frequentative = eNFă-
- inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
- graduative = tăFa-
Intensive
- thu- = intensive prefix
Voice affixes
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.
- ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
- ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
- ‹ăb› = Reflexive
Trigger affixes
- ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
- ‹ith› = Locative trigger
- ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
- ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
- ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
- ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
- ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
- ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger
Derivational morphology
- yə- = adjectivizer