Module:IPA/data/symbols
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- The following documentation is located at Module:IPA/data/symbols/doc.[edit]
- Useful links: root page • root page's subpages • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox
local data = {}
--[=[ Valid IPA symbols.
Currently almost all values of "title" and "link" keys
are just the comments that were used in [[Module:IPA]].
The "link" fields should be checked (those that start with an uppercase letter are checked). ]=]
--[=[
local phones = {}
-- Vowels.
phones["i"] = {
close = true,
front = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["e"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
front = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɛ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
front = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["æ"] = {
["near-open"] = true,
front = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["a"] = {
open = true,
front = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["y"] = {
close = true,
front = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ø"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
front = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["œ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
front = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɶ"] = {
open = true,
front = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɪ"] = {
["near-close"] = true,
["near-front"] = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ʏ"] = {
["near-close"] = true,
["near-front"] = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɨ"] = {
close = true,
central = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ᵻ"] = {
["near-close"] = true,
central = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɘ"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
central = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɜ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
central = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɝ"] = {
rhotic = true,
["open-mid"] = true,
central = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ə"] = {
mid = true,
central = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɚ"] = {
rhotic = true,
mid = true,
central = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɐ"] = {
["near-open"] = true,
central = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ʉ"] = {
close = true,
central = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ᵿ"] = {
["near-close"] = true,
central = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɵ"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
central = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɞ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
central = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ʊ"] = {
["near-close"] = true,
["near-back"] = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɯ"] = {
close = true,
back = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɤ"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
back = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ʌ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
back = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɑ"] = {
open = true,
back = true,
unrounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["u"] = {
close = true,
back = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["o"] = {
["close-mid"] = true,
back = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɔ"] = {
["open-mid"] = true,
back = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
phones["ɒ"] = {
open = true,
back = true,
rounded = true,
vowel = true,
}
-- Nasals.
phones["m"] = {
voiced = true,
bilabial = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["ɱ"] = {
voiced = true,
labiodental = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["n"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["ɳ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["ɲ"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["ŋ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["𝼇"] = {
voiced = true,
velodorsal = true,
nasal = true,
}
phones["ɴ"] = {
voiced = true,
uvular = true,
nasal = true,
}
-- Plosives.
phones["p"] = {
voiceless = true,
bilabial = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["b"] = {
voiced = true,
bilabial = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["t"] = {
voiceless = true,
alveolar = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["d"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ʈ"] = {
voiceless = true,
retroflex = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ɖ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["c"] = {
voiceless = true,
palatal = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ɟ"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["k"] = {
voiceless = true,
velar = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ɡ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["𝼃"] = {
voiceless = true,
velodorsal = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["𝼁"] = {
voiced = true,
velodorsal = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["q"] = {
voiceless = true,
uvular = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ɢ"] = {
voiced = true,
uvular = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ꞯ"] = {
voiceless = true,
["upper-pharyngeal"] = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["𝼂"] = {
voiced = true,
["upper-pharyngeal"] = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ʡ"] = {
epiglottal = true,
plosive = true,
}
phones["ʔ"] = {
glottal = true,
plosive = true,
}
-- Fricatives.
phones["ɸ"] = {
voiceless = true,
bilabial = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["β"] = {
voiced = true,
bilabial = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʍ"] = {
voiceless = true,
["labial-velar"] = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["f"] = {
voiceless = true,
labiodental = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["v"] = {
voiced = true,
labiodental = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["θ"] = {
voiceless = true,
dental = true,
["non-sibilant"] = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ð"] = {
voiced = true,
dental = true,
["non-sibilant"] = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["s"] = {
voiceless = true,
alveolar = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["z"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɬ"] = {
voiceless = true,
alveolar = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɮ"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʃ"] = {
voiceless = true,
postalveolar = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʒ"] = {
voiced = true,
postalveolar = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʂ"] = {
voiceless = true,
retroflex = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʐ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ꞎ"] = {
voiceless = true,
retroflex = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["𝼅"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɕ"] = {
voiceless = true,
["alveolo-palatal"] = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʑ"] = {
voiced = true,
["alveolo-palatal"] = true,
sibilant = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ç"] = {
voiceless = true,
palatal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʝ"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["𝼆"] = {
voiceless = true,
palatal = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɧ"] = {
voiceless = true,
["palatal-velar"] = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["x"] = {
voiceless = true,
velar = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɣ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["𝼄"] = {
voiceless = true,
velar = true,
lateral = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʩ"] = {
voiceless = true,
velopharyngeal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["χ"] = {
voiceless = true,
uvular = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʁ"] = {
voiced = true,
uvular = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ħ"] = {
voiceless = true,
pharyngeal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʕ"] = {
voiced = true,
pharyngeal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʜ"] = {
voiceless = true,
epiglottal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ʢ"] = {
voiced = true,
epiglottal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["h"] = {
voiceless = true,
glottal = true,
fricative = true,
}
phones["ɦ"] = {
voiced = true,
glottal = true,
fricative = true,
}
-- Approximants.
phones["ʋ"] = {
voiced = true,
labiodental = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɥ"] = {
voiced = true,
["labial–palatal"] = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["w"] = {
voiced = true,
["labial–velar"] = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɹ"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ꭨ"] = {
["velarized or pharyngealized"] = true,
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["l"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
lateral = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɫ"] = {
["velarized or pharyngealized"] = true,
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
lateral = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɻ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɭ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
lateral = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["j"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ʎ"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
lateral = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ɰ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
approximant = true,
}
phones["ʟ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
lateral = true,
approximant = true,
}
-- Flaps.
phones["ⱱ"] = {
voiced = true,
labiodental = true,
flap = true,
}
phones["ɾ"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
flap = true,
}
phones["ɺ"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
lateral = true,
flap = true,
}
phones["ɽ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
flap = true,
}
phones["𝼈"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
lateral = true,
flap = true,
}
-- Trills.
phones["ʙ"] = {
voiced = true,
bilabial = true,
trill = true,
}
phones["r"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
trill = true,
}
phones["𝼀"] = {
voiceless = true,
velopharyngeal = true,
trill = true,
}
phones["ʀ"] = {
voiced = true,
uvular = true,
trill = true,
}
phones["ᴙ"] = {
voiced = true,
pharyngeal = true,
trill = true,
}
-- Clicks.
phones["ʘ"] = {
bilabial = true,
click = true,
}
phones["ǀ"] = {
dental = true,
click = true,
}
phones["ǃ"] = {
alveolar = true,
click = true,
}
phones["𝼊"] = {
retroflex = true,
click = true,
}
phones["ǂ"] = {
palatal = true,
click = true,
}
phones["ʞ"] = {
velar = true,
click = true,
}
phones["ǁ"] = {
lateral = true,
click = true,
}
-- Implosives.
phones["ɓ"] = {
voiced = true,
bilabial = true,
implosive = true,
}
phones["ɗ"] = {
voiced = true,
alveolar = true,
implosive = true,
}
phones["ᶑ"] = {
voiced = true,
retroflex = true,
implosive = true,
}
phones["ʄ"] = {
voiced = true,
palatal = true,
implosive = true,
}
phones["ɠ"] = {
voiced = true,
velar = true,
implosive = true,
}
phones["ʛ"] = {
voiced = true,
uvular = true,
implosive = true,
}
-- Percussives.
phones["ʬ"] = {
bilabial = true,
percussive = true,
}
phones["ʭ"] = {
bidental = true,
percussive = true,
}
phones["¡"] = {
sublaminal = true,
["lower-alveolar"] = true,
percussive = true,
}
]=]
local U = require("Module:string utilities").char
data[1] = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- nasal
["m"] = {
title = "bilabial nasal",
link = "w:Bilabial nasal",
},
["ɱ"] = {
title = "labiodental nasal",
link = "w:Labiodental nasal",
},
["n"] = {
title = "alveolar nasal",
link = "w:Alveolar nasal",
},
["ɳ"] = {
title = "retroflex nasal",
link = "w:Retroflex nasal",
},
["ɲ"] = {
title = "palatal nasal",
link = "w:Palatal nasal",
},
["ŋ"] = {
title = "velar nasal",
link = "w:Velar nasal",
},
["ɴ"] = {
title = "uvular nasal",
link = "w:Uvular nasal",
},
-- plosive
["p"] = {
title = "voiceless bilabial plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless bilabial stop",
},
["b"] = {
title = "voiced bilabial plosive",
link = "w:Voiced bilabial stop",
},
["t"] = {
title = "voiceless alveolar plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless alveolar stop",
},
["d"] = {
title = "voiced alveolar plosive",
link = "w:Voiced alveolar stop",
},
["ʈ"] = {
title = "voiceless retroflex plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless retroflex stop",
},
["ɖ"] = {
title = "voiced retroflex plosive",
link = "w:Voiced retroflex stop",
},
["c"] = {
title = "voiceless palatal plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless palatal stop",
},
["ɟ"] = {
title = "voiced palatal plosive",
link = "w:Voiced palatal stop",
},
["k"] = {
title = "voiceless velar plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless velar stop",
},
["ɡ"] = {
title = "voiced velar plosive",
link = "w:Voiced velar stop",
},
["q"] = {
title = "voiceless uvular plosive",
link = "w:Voiceless uvular stop",
},
["ɢ"] = {
title = "voiced uvular plosive",
link = "w:Voiced uvular stop",
},
["ʡ"] = {
title = "epiglottal plosive",
link = "w:Epiglottal stop",
},
["ʔ"] = {
title = "glottal stop",
link = "w:Glottal stop",
},
-- fricative
["ɸ"] = {
title = "voiceless bilabial fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless bilabial fricative",
},
["β"] = {
title = "voiced bilabial fricative",
link = "w:Voiced bilabial fricative",
},
["f"] = {
title = "voiceless labiodental fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless labiodental fricative",
},
["v"] = {
title = "voiced labiodental fricative",
link = "w:Voiced labiodental fricative",
},
["θ"] = {
title = "voiceless dental fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless dental fricative",
},
["ð"] = {
title = "voiced dental fricative",
link = "w:Voiced dental fricative",
},
["s"] = {
title = "voiceless alveolar fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless alveolar fricative",
},
["z"] = {
title = "voiced alveolar fricative",
link = "w:Voiced alveolar fricative",
},
["ʃ"] = {
title = "voiceless postalveolar fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant",
},
["ʒ"] = {
title = "voiced postalveolar fricative",
link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant",
},
["ʂ"] = {
title = "voiceless retroflex fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless retroflex sibilant",
},
["ʐ"] = {
title = "voiced retroflex fricative",
link = "w:Voiced retroflex sibilant",
},
["ɕ"] = {
title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant",
},
["ʑ"] = {
title = "voiced alveolo-palatal fricative",
link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant",
},
["ç"] = {
title = "voiceless palatal fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless palatal fricative",
},
["ʝ"] = {
title = "voiced palatal fricative",
link = "w:Voiced palatal fricative",
},
["x"] = {
title = "voiceless velar fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless velar fricative",
},
["ɣ"] = {
title = "voiced velar fricative",
link = "w:Voiced velar fricative",
},
["χ"] = {
title = "voiceless uvular fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless uvular fricative",
},
["ʁ"] = {
title = "voiced uvular fricative",
link = "w:Voiced uvular fricative",
},
["ħ"] = {
title = "voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
},
["ʕ"] = {
title = "voiced pharyngeal fricative",
link = "w:Voiced pharyngeal fricative",
},
["ʜ"] = {
title = "voiceless epiglottal fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless epiglottal fricative",
},
["ʢ"] = {
title = "voiced epiglottal fricative",
link = "w:Voiced epiglottal fricative",
},
["h"] = {
title = "voiceless glottal fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless glottal fricative",
},
["ɦ"] = {
title = "voiced glottal fricative",
link = "w:Voiced glottal fricative",
},
-- approximant
["ʋ"] = {
title = "labiodental approximant",
link = "w:Labiodental approximant",
},
["ɹ"] = {
title = "alveolar approximant",
link = "w:Alveolar approximant",
},
["ɻ"] = {
title = "retroflex approximant",
link = "w:Retroflex approximant",
},
["j"] = {
title = "palatal approximant",
link = "w:Palatal approximant",
},
["ɰ"] = {
title = "velar approximant",
link = "w:Velar approximant",
},
-- tap, flap
["ⱱ"] = {
title = "labiodental tap",
link = "w:Labiodental flap",
},
["ɾ"] = {
title = "alveolar flap",
link = "w:Alveolar flap",
},
["ɽ"] = {
title = "retroflex flap",
link = "w:Retroflex flap",
},
-- trill
["ʙ"] = {
title = "bilabial trill",
link = "w:Bilabial trill",
},
["r"] = {
title = "alveolar trill",
link = "w:Alveolar trill",
},
["ʀ"] = {
title = "uvular trill",
link = "w:Uvular trill",
},
["ᴙ"] = {
title = "epiglottal trill",
link = "w:Epiglottal trill",
},
-- lateral fricative
["ɬ"] = {
title = "voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
},
["ɮ"] = {
title = "voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
link = "w:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
},
-- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
--["ɬ̢"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless retroflex lateral fricative"},
-- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
--["ʎ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless palatal lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal lateral fricative"},
-- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
--["ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless velar lateral fricative"},
-- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
--["ʟ̝"] = {title = "voiced velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiced velar lateral fricative"},
-- lateral approximant
["l"] = {
title = "alveolar lateral approximant",
link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant",
},
["ɭ"] = {
title = "retroflex lateral approximant",
link = "w:Retroflex lateral approximant",
},
["ʎ"] = {
title = "palatal lateral approximant",
link = "w:Palatal lateral approximant",
},
["ʟ"] = {
title = "velar lateral approximant",
link = "w:Velar lateral approximant",
},
-- lateral flap
["ɺ"] = {
title = "alveolar lateral flap",
link = "w:Alveolar lateral flap",
},
--["ɭ̆"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
--["ɺ˞"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- clicks
["ʘ"] = {
title = "bilabial click",
link = "w:Bilabial clicks",
},
["ǀ"] = {
title = "dental click",
link = "w:Dental clicks",
},
["ǃ"] = {
title = "postalveolar click",
link = "w:Alveolar clicks",
},
["𝼊"] = {
title = "subapical retroflex",
link = "w:Retroflex clicks",
}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA
["ǂ"] = {
title = "palatal click",
link = "w:Palatal clicks",
},
["ǁ"] = {
title = "alveolar lateral click",
link = "w:Lateral clicks",
},
-- implosives
["ɓ"] = {
title = "voiced bilabial implosive",
link = "w:Voiced bilabial implosive",
},
["ɗ"] = {
title = "voiced alveolar implosive",
link = "w:Voiced alveolar implosive",
},
-- NOT IN X-SAMPA
["ᶑ"] = {
title = "retroflex implosive",
link = "w:Voiced retroflex implosive",
},
["ʄ"] = {
title = "voiced palatal implosive",
link = "w:Voiced palatal implosive",
},
["ɠ"] = {
title = "voiced velar implosive",
link = "w:Voiced velar implosive",
},
["ʛ"] = {
title = "voiced uvular implosive",
link = "w:Voiced uvular implosive",
},
-- ejectives
["ʼ"] = {
title = "ejective",
link = "w:Ejective consonant",
},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
["ʍ"] = {
title = "voiceless labial-velar fricative",
link = "w:Voiceless labio-velar approximant",
},
["w"] = {
title = "labial-velar approximant",
link = "w:Labio-velar approximant",
},
["ɥ"] = {
title = "labial-palatal approximant",
link = "w:Labialized palatal approximant",
},
["ɧ"] = {
title = "voiceless palatal-velar fricative",
link = "w:Sj-sound",
},
-- should be handled in [[Module:IPA]] and not through this table
-- BRACKETS
--[[
-- ["//"] = {
title = "morphophonemic",
link = "w:morphophonemic",
},
["/"] = {
title = "phonemic",
link = "w:phonemic",
},
["["] = {
title = "phonetic",
link = "w:phonetic",
},
["["] = {
title = "phonetic",
link = "w:phonetic",
},
["〈"] = {
title = "orthographic",
link = "w:orthographic",
},
["〉"] = {
title = "orthographic",
link = "w:orthographic",
},
["⟨"] = {
title = "orthographic",
link = "w:orthographic",
},
["⟩"] = {
title = "orthographic",
link = "w:orthographic",
},
]]
-- VOWELS
-- close
["i"] = {
title = "close front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close front unrounded vowel",
},
["y"] = {
title = "close front rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close front rounded vowel",
},
["ɨ"] = {
title = "close central unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close central unrounded vowel",
},
["ʉ"] = {
title = "close central rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close central rounded vowel",
},
["ɯ"] = {
title = "close back unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close back unrounded vowel",
},
["u"] = {
title = "close back rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close back rounded vowel",
},
-- near close
["ɪ"] = {
title = "near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
},
["ʏ"] = {
title = "near-close near-front rounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-close near-front rounded vowel",
},
["ᵻ"] = {
title = "near-close central unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-close central unrounded vowel",
},
-- (alternative) --TOMOVE
--[[
["ɪ̈"] = {
title = "near-close central unrounded vowel",
link = "w:near-close central unrounded vowel",
}, ]]
["ᵿ"] = {
title = "near-close central rounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-close central rounded vowel",
},
--[[
(alternative) TOMOVE
["ʊ̈"] = {
title = "near-close central rounded vowel",
link = "w:near-close central rounded vowel",
},
]]
["ʊ"] = {
title = "near-close near-back rounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel",
},
--close mid
["e"] = {
title = "close-mid front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel",
},
["ø"] = {
title = "close-mid front rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid front rounded vowel",
},
["ɘ"] = {
title = "close-mid central unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid central unrounded vowel",
},
["ɵ"] = {
title = "close-mid central rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid central rounded vowel",
},
["ɤ"] = {
title = "close-mid back unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel",
},
["o"] = {
title = "close-mid back rounded vowel",
link = "w:Close-mid back rounded vowel",
},
-- mid
["ə"] = {
title = "schwa",
link = "w:Schwa",
},
["ɚ"] = {
title = "schwa+r",
link = "w:R-colored vowel",
},
-- open mid
["ɛ"] = {
title = "open-mid front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel",
},
["œ"] = {
title = "open-mid front rounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid front rounded vowel",
},
["ɜ"] = {
title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel",
},
["ɝ"] = {
title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel+r",
link = "w:R-colored vowel",
},
["ɞ"] = {
title = "open-mid central rounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid central rounded vowel",
},
["ʌ"] = {
title = "open-mid back unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel",
},
["ɔ"] = {
title = "open-mid back rounded vowel",
link = "w:Open-mid back rounded vowel",
},
-- near open
["æ"] = {
title = "near-open front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Near-open front unrounded vowel",
},
["ɐ"] = {
title = "near-open central vowel",
link = "w:Near-open central vowel",
},
-- open
["a"] = {
title = "open front unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Open front unrounded vowel",
},
["ɶ"] = {
title = "open front rounded vowel",
link = "w:Open front rounded vowel",
},
["ɑ"] = {
title = "open back unrounded vowel",
link = "w:Open back unrounded vowel",
},
["ɒ"] = {
title = "open back rounded vowel",
link = "w:Open back rounded vowel",
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
["ˈ"] = {title = "primary stress", link = "w:Stress (linguistics)", XSAMPA = "\""},
--[[
["???"] = {
title = "extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead",
link = "w:extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead",
XSAMPA = ""
}, --TOMOVE:3 ]]
["ˌ"] = {
title = "secondary stress",
link = "w:Secondary stress",
},
["ː"] = {
title = "long",
link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
},
["ˑ"] = {
title = "half long",
link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
},
["̆"] = {
title = "extra-short",
link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
},
--[[
["%."] = {
title = "syllable break",
link = "w:syllable break",
},
]]
--TOMOVE
["‿"] = {
title = "linking mark (absence of a break)",
link = "w:Tie (typography)#International_Phonetic_Alphabet",
},
[" "] = {
title = "separator",
link = "w:separator",
},
-- TONE
-- level tones
["˥"] = {
title = "top",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["˦"] = {
title = "high",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["˧"] = {
title = "mid",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["˨"] = {
title = "low",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["˩"] = {
title = "bottom",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["̋"] = {
title = "extra high tone",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["́"] = {
title = "high tone",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["̄"] = {
title = "mid tone",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["̀"] = {
title = "low tone",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
["̏"] = {
title = "extra low tone",
link = "w:Tone letter",
},
-- tone terracing
["ꜛ"] = {
title = "upstep",
link = "w:Upstep",
},
["ꜜ"] = {
title = "downstep",
link = "w:Downstep",
},
-- contour tones
["̌"] = {
title = "rising tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["̂"] = {
title = "falling tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷄"] = {
title = "high rising tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷅"] = {
title = "low rising tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷇"] = {
title = "high falling tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷆"] = {
title = "low falling tone",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷈"] = {
title = "rising falling tone (peaking)",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
},
["᷉"] = {
title = "dipping",
link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
}, -- [extrapolated from the chart -- please confirm]
-- intonation
["|"] = {
title = "minor (foot) group",
link = "w:Prosodic unit",
},
["‖"] = {
title = "major (intonation) group",
link = "w:Prosodic unit",
},
["↗"] = {
title = "global rise",
link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)",
},
["↘"] = {
title = "global fall",
link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)",
},
-- DIACRITICS
-- syllabicity & releases
["̩"] = {
title = "syllabi ",
link = "w:Syllabic consonant",
withdescender = "̍"
}, -- (or "_="
["̯"] = {
title = "non-syllabic",
link = "w:Semivowel",
withdescender = "̑"
},
["ʰ"] = {
title = "aspirated",
link = "w:Aspirated consonant",
},
["ⁿ"] = {
title = "nasal release",
link = "w:Nasal release",
},
["ˡ"] = {
title = "lateral release",
link = "w:Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
["̚"] = {
title = "no audible release",
link = "w:No audible release",
},
-- phonation
["̥"] = {
title = "voiceless",
link = "w:Voicelessness",
withdescender = "̊"
},
["̬"] = {
title = "voiced",
link = "w:Voice (phonetics)",
},
["̤"] = {
title = "breathy voice",
link = "w:Breathy voice",
},
["̰"] = {
title = "creaky voice",
link = "w:Creaky voice",
},
["᷽"] = {
title = "strident",
link = "w:Strident vowel",
},
-- primary articulation
["̪"] = {
title = "dental",
link = "w:Dental consonant",
},
["̺"] = {
title = "apical",
link = "w:Apical consonant",
},
["̻"] = {
title = "laminal",
link = "w:Laminal consonant",
},
["̟"] = {
title = "advanced",
link = "w:Relative articulation#Advanced_and_retracted",
withdescender = "˖"
},
["̠"] = {
title = "retracted",
link = "w:Relative articulation#Retracted",
withdescender = "˗"
},
["̼"] = {
title = "linguolabial",
link = "w:Linguolabial consonant",
},
["̈"] = {
title = "centralized",
link = "w:Relative articulation#Centralized_vowels",
XSAMPA = "_\""
},
["̽"] = {
title = "mid-centralized",
link = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized_vowel",
},
["̞"] = {
title = "lowered",
link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered",
withdescender = "˕"
},
["̝"] = {
title = "raised",
link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered",
withdescender = "˔"
},
["͡"] = {
title = "coarticulated",
link = "w:Co-articulated consonant",
},
["͈"] = {
title = "strong articulation",
link = "w:Fortis and lenis",
},
-- secondary articulation
["ʷ"] = {
title = "labialized",
link = "w:Labialization",
},
["ʲ"] = {
title = "palatalized",
link = "w:Palatalization (phonetics)",
},
["ˠ"] = {
title = "velarized",
link = "w:Velarization",
},
["ˤ"] = {
title = "pharyngealized",
link = "w:Pharyngealization",
},
-- also see _e
["ɫ"] = {
title = "velarized alveolar lateral approximant",
link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant",
},
["̴"] = {
title = "velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5",
link = "w:Velarization",
},
["̹"] = {
title = "more rounded",
link = "w:Roundedness",
},
["̜"] = {
title = "less rounded",
link = "w:Roundedness",
},
["̃"] = {
title = "nasalization",
link = "w:Nasalization",
},
["˞"] = {
title = "rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants",
link = "w:R-colored vowel",
},
["̘"] = {
title = "advanced tongue root",
link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root",
},
["̙"] = {
title = "retracted tongue root",
link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root",
},
}
data[2] = {
-- TODO
--["%("] = {},
--["%)"] = {},
["ːː"] = {
title = "extra long",
link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
},
["r̥"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar trill", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar trill"},
["ɬ’"] = {title = "alveolar lateral ejective fricative", link = "w:Alveolar lateral ejective fricative"},
}
data[3] = {
["t͡s"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar affricate"},
["d͡z"] = {title = "voiced alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolar affricate"},
["t͡ʃ"] = {title = "voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", descender = true},
["d͡ʒ"] = {title = "voiced palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate"},
["ʈ͡ʂ"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiceless retroflex affricate", descender = true},
["ɖ͡ʐ"] = {title = "voiced retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiced retroflex affricate, descender = true"},
["t͡ɕ"] = {title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate"},
["d͡ʑ"] = {title = "voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate"},
["c͡ç"] = {title = "voiceless palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palatal affricate, descender = true"},
["ɟ͡ʝ"] = {title = "voiced palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced palatal affricate, descender = true"},
["k͡x"] = {title = "voiceless velar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar affricate"},
["ɡ͡ɣ"] = {title = "voiced velar affricate", link = "w:Voiced velar affricate, descender = true"},
}
data[4] = {
["ǃ͡qʼ"] = {title = "alveolar linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks, descender = true"},
["ǁ͡χʼ"] = {title = "lateral linguo-glottalic affricate (homorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks", descender = true},
}
data[5] = {
["k͡ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar lateral affricate"},
["ᶢǀ͡qʼ"] = {title = "voiced dental linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
["ǂ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "palatal linguo-glottalic affricate (heterorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
data[6] = {
["k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ"] = {title = "velar lateral ejective affricate", link = "w:Velar lateral ejective affricate"},
["ᶢʘ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "voiced labial linguo-glottalic affricate", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
-- acute and grave tone marks
data.diacritics = U(
-- grave, acute, circumflex, tilde, macron, breve
0x300, 0x301, 0x302, 0x303, 0x304, 0x306,
-- diaeresis, ring above, double acute, caron, vertical line above, double grave, left tack
0x308, 0x30A, 0x30B, 0x30C, 0x30D, 0x30F, 0x318,
-- right tack, left angle, left half ring below, up tack below, down tack below, plus sign below
0x319, 0x31A, 0x31C, 0x31D, 0x31E, 0x31F,
-- minus sign below, rhotic hook below, dot below, diaeresis below, ring below, vertical line below, bridge below
0x320, 0x322, 0x323, 0x324, 0x325, 0x329, 0x32A,
-- caron below, inverted breve below
0x32C, 0x32F,
-- tilde below, combining tilde overlay, right half ring below, inverted bridge below, square below, seagull below, x above
0x330, 0x334, 0x339, 0x33A, 0x33B, 0x33C, 0x33D,
-- grave tone mark, acute tone mark, bridge above, equals sign below, double vertical line below
0x340, 0x341, 0x346, 0x347, 0x348,
-- left angle below, not tilde above, homothetic above, almost equal above, left right arrow below
0x349, 0x34A, 0x34B, 0x34C, 0x34D,
-- upwards arrow below, left arrowhead below, right arrowhead below
0x34E, 0x354, 0x355,
-- double rightwards arrow below, combining Latin small letter a
0x362, 0x361,
-- macron–acute, grave–macron, macron–grave, acute–macron, grave–acute–grave, acute–grave–acute
0x1DC4, 0x1DC5, 0x1DC6, 0x1DC7, 0x1DC8, 0x1DC9)
data.tones = '˥˦˧˨˩꜒꜓꜔꜕꜖꜈꜉꜊꜋꜌꜍꜎꜏꜐꜑¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰'
data.vowels = 'iyɨʉɯuɪʏʊeøɘɵɤoəɚɛœɜɝɞʌɔæɐaɶɑɒäëïöüÿ'
data.superscripts = '¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰ᵝʰʱʲʳʴʵʶʷʸᶣ˞ˠˡˢꟹᵄᵊⁱᵏᵐᶬᵑᶮᶯᶰᵘᶹˀˤⁿᵇᵈᶢᶡᵡ'
data.valid =
U(0xA0) .. ' %(%)%%{%|%}%-~⁓.◌abcdefhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz¡àáâãāăēäæçèéêëĕěħìíîïĩīĭĺḿǹńňðòóôõöōŏőœøŕùúûüũūŭűýÿŷŋ'
.. 'ǀǁǂǃǎǐǒǔřǖǘǚǜǟǣǽǿȁȅȉȍȕȫȭȳɐɑɒɓɔɕɖɗɘəɚɛɜɝɞɟɠɡɢɣɤɥɦɧɨɪɫɬɭɮɯɰɱɲɳɴɵɶɸɹɺ𝼈ɻɽɾʀʁʂʃʄʈʉʊʋṽʌʍʎ𝼆ʏʐʑʒʔʕʘʞʙʛʜʝʟʡʢ𝼊ʬʭ⁻'
.. 'ʼˈˌːˑˣ˔˕ˬ͗˭ˇ˖β͜θχᴙᶑ᷽ḁḛḭḯṍṏṳṵṹṻạẹẽịọụỳỵỹ‖․‥…‿↑↓↗↘ⱱꜛꜜꟸ𝆏𝆑˗'
.. data.diacritics .. data.tones .. data.superscripts
data.per_lang_valid = {
["egy"] = "V", -- V for uncertain vowel
}
-- Characters to add VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (U+FE0E) after.
-- These are characters with emoji variants that are used by default by some clients.
-- Adding VS15 after them instructs them to draw the characters as text instead.
data.add_vs15 = "↗↘"
data.invalid = {
["!"] = "ǃ",
["ꜝ"] = "ꜜ",
["ꜞ"] = "ꜛ",
["ꜟ"] = "ꜛ",
["'"] = "ˈ",
["’"] = "ʼ",
[":"] = "ː",
-- Confusable Latin letters
["B"] = "ʙ",
["g"] = "ɡ",
["G"] = "ɢ",
["Ɠ"] = "ʛ",
["H"] = "ʜ",
["ı"] = "ɪ",
["I"] = "ɪ",
["L"] = "ʟ",
["N"] = "ɴ",
["Œ"] = "ɶ",
["Q"] = "ꞯ",
["R"] = "ʀ",
["∫"] = "ʃ",
["⨎"] = "ǂ", -- due to confusion with obsolete 𝼋 below
["ß"] = "β",
["ẞ"] = "β",
["Y"] = "ʏ",
["Ə"] = "ə",
["ǝ"] = "ə",
["Ɂ"] = "ʔ",
["ɂ"] = "ʔ",
["ˁ"] = "ˤ",
-- Confusable Greek letters
["α"] = "ɑ",
["γ"] = "ɣ",
["δ"] = "ð",
["ε"] = "ɛ",
["Η"] = "ʜ",
["η"] = "ŋ",
["ι"] = "ɪ",
["λ"] = "ʎ",
["υ"] = "ʋ",
["Ψ"] = "𝼊",
["ψ"] = "𝼊",
["Φ"] = "ɸ",
["ϕ"] = "ɸ",
["ꭓ"] = "χ", -- Actually Latin, since IPA uses the Greek letter(!)
-- Confusable Cyrillic letters
["ӕ"] = "æ",
["Ә"] = "ə",
["ә"] = "ə",
["В"] = "ʙ",
["в"] = "ʙ",
["е"] = "e",
["З"] = "ɜ",
["з"] = "ɜ",
["Ѕ"] = "s",
["ѕ"] = "s",
["і"] = "i",
["ј"] = "j",
["Н"] = "ʜ",
["н"] = "ʜ",
["О"] = "o",
["о"] = "o",
["р"] = "p",
["с"] = "c",
["у"] = "y",
["Ү"] = "ʏ",
["ү"] = "ʏ",
["Ф"] = "ɸ",
["ф"] = "ɸ",
["х"] = "x",
["Һ"] = "h",
["һ"] = "h",
["Я"] = "ᴙ",
["я"] = "ᴙ",
["Ѱ"] = "𝼊",
["ѱ"] = "𝼊",
["Ѵ"] = "ⱱ",
["ѵ"] = "ⱱ",
["Ҁ"] = "ʕ",
["ҁ"] = "ʕ",
-- Palatalization
["ᶀ"] = "bʲ",
["ꞔ"] = "cʲ",
["ᶁ"] = "dʲ",
["ȡ"] = "d̠ʲ",
["d̂"] = "d̠ʲ",
["ᶂ"] = "fʲ",
["ᶃ"] = "ɡʲ",
["ꞕ"] = "hʲ",
["ᶄ"] = "kʲ",
["ᶅ"] = "lʲ",
["ȴ"] = "l̠ʲ",
["l̂"] = "l̠ʲ",
["𝼓"] = "ɬʲ",
["ᶆ"] = "mʲ",
["ᶇ"] = "nʲ",
["ȵ"] = "n̠ʲ",
["n̂"] = "n̠ʲ",
["𝼔"] = "ŋʲ",
["ᶈ"] = "pʲ",
["ᶉ"] = "rʲ",
["𝼕"] = "ɹʲ",
["𝼖"] = "ɾʲ",
["ᶊ"] = "sʲ",
["𝼞"] = "ɕ",
["𐞺"] = "ᶝ",
["ᶋ"] = "ʃʲ",
["ʆ"] = "ʃʲ",
["ƫ"] = "tʲ",
["ȶ"] = "t̠ʲ",
["t̂"] = "t̠ʲ",
["ᶌ"] = "vʲ",
["ᶍ"] = "xʲ",
["ᶎ"] = "zʲ",
["𝼘"] = "ʒʲ",
["ʓ"] = "ʒʲ",
-- Retroflex
["𝼝"] = "ʈ͡ʂ",
["𝼥"] = "ɖ",
["𝼦"] = "ɭ",
["𝼧"] = "ɳ",
["𝼨"] = "ɽ",
["𝼩"] = "ʂ",
["𝼪"] = "ʈ",
-- Rhotic vowels
["ᶏ"] = "a˞",
["ᶐ"] = "ɑ˞",
["ᶒ"] = "e˞",
["ᶕ"] = "ɚ",
["ᶓ"] = "ɛ˞",
["ᶔ"] = "ɝ",
["ᶖ"] = "i˞",
["𝼚"] = "ɨ˞",
["𝼛"] = "o˞",
["ᶗ"] = "ɔ˞",
["ᶙ"] = "u˞",
-- Syllabic fricatives
["ɿ"] = "z̩",
["ʅ"] = "ʐ̩",
["ʮ"] = "z̩ʷ",
["ʯ"] = "ʐ̩ʷ",
-- Clicks
["ʗ"] = "ǃ",
["𝼋"] = "ǂ",
["ʇ"] = "ǀ",
["ʖ"] = "ǁ",
["‼"] = "𝼊",
-- Voiceless implosives
["ƈ"] = "ʄ̊",
["ƙ"] = "ɠ̊",
["ƥ"] = "ɓ̥",
["ʠ"] = "ʛ̥",
["ƭ"] = "ɗ̥",
["𝼉"] = "ᶑ̥",
-- Monographs
["ꜰ"] = "ɸ",
["ɩ"] = "ɪ",
["ɼ"] = "r̝",
["ᴜ"] = "ʊ",
["ɷ"] = "ʊ",
["𐞤"] = "ᶷ",
["ƛ"] = "t͡ɬ",
["ƻ"] = "d͡z",
["ƾ"] = "t͡s",
-- Digraphs
["ȸ"] = "b̪",
["ʣ"] = "d͡z",
["ʥ"] = "d͡ʑ",
["ꭦ"] = "ɖ͡ʐ",
["ʤ"] = "d͡ʒ",
["𝼒"] = "d͡ʒʲ",
["𝼙"] = "d͡ᶚ",
["ʪ"] = "ɬ͡s",
["ʫ"] = "ɮ͡z",
["ȹ"] = "p̪",
["ʦ"] = "t͡s",
["ʨ"] = "t͡ɕ",
["ꭧ"] = "ʈ͡ʂ",
["ʧ"] = "t͡ʃ",
["𝼗"] = "t͡ʃʲ",
["𝼜"] = "t͡ᶘ",
-- Deprecated diacritics
["̫"] = "ʷ",
["᫇"] = "ʷ",
["⸋"] = "̚",
}
return data