Haoli/Pronunciation Guide

Sounds Common to English

Consonants

These consonants are pronounced exactly as they are in English
[p], [t], [k], [d], [g], [m], [n], [f], [s], [h], [v], [l]

These are sounds that appear in English, but the IPA symbol for them is not so quickly recognizable.

• [θ] = th as in think, and is written <þ>
• [ð] = th as in this, and is written <ð>
• [ʃ] = sh as in shopping, and is written <c>
• [j] = y as in yellow, and is written <j>
• [ŋ] = ng as in runni'ng, and is written <nh>
• [ɲ] = ñ as in piña colada, and is written <nj>

Vowels

These vowels are pronounced exactly as they are in English (with the exception of [i]) but only as they are in these particular contexts. They are written exactly as their IPA symbol.

• [a] = a as in father
• [e] = e as in better
• [o] = o as in phone
• [i] = ee as in speech

Note: ALL vowels have a long counterpart where the duration of pronunciation is extended. These are written either as double vowels (eg. a long [i] written as <ii>) or they are written with a macron above them (eg. a long [i] written as <ī>).