Tigol/Morphology

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Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its verbal allomorphy.

Nouns

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verbs

Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. There are broadly four verb groups:

  • Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray'
  • Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sondaiṁ /sondai̯mʰ/ 'he leaves (transitive)', ní·sonda /niːˈsonda/ 'he does not leave (transitive)'
  • Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċa /asˈtoːkʰa/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove'
  • Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. de·scoḃa /deˈskobʰa/ 'he tolerates', ní·tép /niːˈteːp/ 'he does not tolerate'

In the following tables, the stressed syllable is bolded. In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.

Present

Person túsain "pray"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed)
1SG sain < tussanis
ní·san < nīs tussan
as·ċan < astosāconis
ní·assaċan < nīs astosācon
2SG sair < tussaris
ní·sar < nīs tussar
as·ċar < astosācoris
ní·assaċar < nīs astosācor
3SG.M saiṁ < tussamis
ní·saN < nīs tussam
as·ċa < astosācomis
ní·assaċN < nīs astosācom
3SG.F sae < tussasis
ní·sae < nīs tussasi
as·ċae < astosācosis
ní·assaċ < nīs astosācos
3SG.N tús < tussas
ní·tús < nīs tussa
as·tóċ < astosācos
ní·assaċ < nīs astosāco
1EX sme < tussamēs
ní·saiṁL < nīs tussamē
as·tóċaiṁ < astosācomēs
ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs astosācomē
1IN sait < tussantis
ní·sat < nīs tussant
as·tóċat < astosācontis
ní·assaċat < nīs astosācont
2PL saisc < tussasces
ní·saisc < nīs tussasce
as·tóċaisc < astosācosces
ní·assaċaisc < nīs astosācosce
3PL saiḋ < tussatis
ní·saḋ < nīs tussat
as·tóċaḋ < astosācotis
ní·assaċaḋ < nīs astosācot

Imperfect

Preterite

Future

Subjunctive

Optative

Imperative

Verbal noun