Tigol/Morphology

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Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.

Nouns

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verb prefixes

Object prefixes

Verb TAMs

Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:

  • Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
  • Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sormaiṁ /sormai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·sorma /niːˈsorma/ 'he does not find' (modern sorm)
  • Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
  • Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dos·coḃ /dosˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (*de-as-coḃ), ní·dep /niːˈdep/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern doscabh)

In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.

Present

Person túsain "pray, request"
(non-prefixed, non-ablauting)
as·tóċan "prove"
(prefixed, non-ablauting)
1SG túsain < tussanis
ní·tús < nīs tussan
as·tóċ < astosāconis
ní·assaċ < nīs astosācon
2SG túsair < tussaris
ní·túsar < nīs tussar
as·tóċar < astosācoris
ní·assaċar < nīs astosācor
3SG.M túsaiṁ < tussamis
ní·tús < nīs tussam
as·tóċ < astosācomis
ní·assaċ < nīs astosācom
3SG.F túsae < tussasis
ní·túsae < nīs tussasi
as·tóċae < astosācosis
ní·assaċ < nīs astosācosi
3SG.N tús < tussas
ní·tús < nīs tussa
as·tóċ < astosācos
ní·assaċ < nīs astosāco
1EX túsme < tussamēs
ní·túsaiṁ < nīs tussamē
as·tóċaiṁ < astosācomēs
ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs astosācomē
1IN túsait < tussantis
ní·túsat < nīs tussant
as·tóċat < astosācontis
ní·assaċat < nīs astosācont
2PL túsaisc < tussasces
ní·túsaisc < nīs tussasce
as·tóċaisc < astosācosces
ní·assaċaisc < nīs astosācosce
3PL túsaiḋ < tussatis
ní·túsaḋ < nīs tussat
as·tóċaḋ < astosācotis
ní·assaċaḋ < nīs astosācot

Imperfect

The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.

Preterite

Future

Subjunctive

Conditional

Partially influenced by optative, partially by preterite

Imperative

Verbal noun