Tigol/Morphology

Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.

Verb prefixes

Object prefixes

Object prefixes are inherited from Proto-Quihum and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.

Verb TAMs

Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:

• Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
• Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sormaiṁ /sormai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·sorma /niːˈsorma/ 'he does not find' (modern sorm)
• Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
• Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dor·coḃ /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< de-ar-cobymis 'at-on-bear'), ní·derp /niːˈderp/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern dearb)

In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.

Present

Person	túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting)	sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting)	as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting)
1SG	túsain < tússanis ní·tús < nīs tússan	sormain < sormynis ní·sorm < nīs sormyn	as·tóċ < astósāconis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācon
2SG	túsair < tússaris ní·túsar < nīs tússar	sormair < sormyris ní·sormar < nīs sormyr	as·tóċar < astósācoris ní·assaċar < nīs ástosācor
3SG.M	túsaiṁ < tússamis ní·tús < nīs tússam	sormaiṁ < sormymis ní·sorm < nīs sormym	as·tóċ < astósācomis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācom
3SG.F	túsaé < tússasis ní·túsaé < nīs tússasi	sormaé < sormysis ní·sormaé < nīs sormysi	as·tóċaé < astósācosis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācosi
3SG.N	tús < tússas ní·tús < nīs tússa	soirm < sormis ní·sorm < nīs sormy	as·tóċ < astósācos ní·assaċ < nīs ástosāco
1EX	túsme < tússamēs ní·túsaiṁ < nīs tússamē	sormme < sormymēs ní·sormaiṁ < nīs sormymē	as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomēs ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs ástosācomē
1IN	túsait < tússantis ní·túsat < nīs tússant	sormait < sormyntis ní·sormat < nīs sormynt	as·tóċat < astósācontis ní·assaċat < nīs ástosācont
2PL	túsaisc < tússasces ní·túsaisc < nīs tússasce	sormaisc < sormysces ní·sormasc < nīs sormysce	as·tóċaisc < astósācosces ní·assaċaisc < nīs ástosācosce
3PL	túsaiḋ < tússatis ní·túsaḋ < nīs tússat	sormaiḋ < sormytis ní·sormaḋ < nīs sormyt	as·tóċaḋ < astósācotis ní·assaċaḋ < nīs ástosācot

Imperfect

The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.

Preterite

Person	túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting)	sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting)	as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting)
1SG	túsnaim < tússannemis ní·túsainn < nīs tússannem	sirmnim < sirminnemis ní·sirminn < nīs sirminnem	as·tóċainn < astósāconnemis ní·assaċainn < nīs ástosāconnem
2SG	túsaí < tússavȳs ní·túsaí < nīs tússavȳ	sirmí < sirmivȳs ní·sirmí < nīs sirmivȳ	as·tóċaí < astósācovȳs ní·assaċaí < nīs ástosācovȳ
3SG.M	túsaim < tússasmis ní·túsaim < nīs tússasmi	sirmim < sirmismis ní·sirmim < nīs sirmismi	as·tóċaim < astósācosmis ní·assaċaim < nīs ástosācosmi
3SG.F	túsais < tússastis ní·túsais < nīs tússasti	sirmis < sirmistis ní·sirmis < nīs sirmisti	as·tóċais < astósācostis ní·assaċais < nīs ástosācosti
3SG.N	túsá < tússasos ní·túsá < nīs tússaso	sirmeo < sirmisos ní·sirmeo < nīs sirmiso	as·tóċá < astósācosos ní·assaċá < nīs ástosācoso
1EX	túsmair < tússameris ní·túsmar < nīs tússamer	sirmmir < sirmimeris ní·sirmmer < nīs sirmimeris	as·tóċmar < astósācomeris ní·assaċmar < nīs ástosācomer
1IN	túsdair < tússanteris ní·túsdar < nīs tússanter	sirmdir < sirminteris ní·sirmder < nīs sirminteris	as·tóċdar < astósāconteris ní·assaċdar < nīs ástosāconter
2PL	tússcair < tússasceris ní·tússcar < nīs tússascer	sirmscir < sirmisceris ní·sirmscer < nīs sirmisceris	as·tóċscar < astósācosceris ní·assaċscar < nīs ástosācoscer
3PL	túsṫair < tússateris ní·túsṫar < nīs tússater	sirmṫir < sirmiteris ní·sirmṫer < nīs sirmiteris	as·tóċṫar < astósācoteris ní·assaċṫar < nīs ástosācoter

Conditional

Combination of optative/future + preterite