Naeng/Accents
Windermere dialects mainly differ in accent and vocabulary. Template:Windermere sidebar
Comparison
- Mi ngith doan chea chmi dur es tach imchäth mis mogor litheath. Fi Pida Brăwied chea sray bintăbiets: "Łănam mot mea ra hăngüs?"
- Std. Talman: [mi ŋiθ toən xeə xmi tur es tʰax imˈxeð mis moˈgor ɴ̆iˈðeəð ‖ fi pʰida pɾəˈwiːət xeə sr̥aj pintʰəˈbiəts || ɬəˈnam mot meə ra (h)əŋyz?]
- Std. Bjeheondian: [mi ŋið duən xiə xmi duɐ ʔes t⁼ax ʔimxɜð miz moˈgɔɐ liðiəð ‖ vi p⁼ida bʁəwiːd xiə zʁaj bint⁼əˈbiːts | ɬəˈnam mot miə ʁa (h)əŋʏz?]
- Swe chea chmi chnung e müets imchäth hăsüs, se doan chäth chea plawăsma: "Șrüch stiw! Ruay mi tsum immognas tach dunse, immălin thaf müets, imchustiw liew, imchusmäch thaf müets, imchumüets tach, te doan imchutach."
- Std. Talman:
- Std. Bjeheondian: [zwe xiə xmi xnʊŋ ʔɛ myːts ʔimˈxɜð həzʏz ze duən xɛð xiə plawəzma | ʃʁʏyx stiw ‖ ʀuːj mi tsʊm ʔimogˈnaz tax dʊnze | ʔiməˈlin ðav myːts | ʔimxʊstiw liːw | ʔimxʊsmɛɣ ðaː myːts | ʔimxʊmyːts tax | te duən ʔimxutax]
- Prăyon nga fi Pida Brăwied chea tăbiets: "Wăhang, hos ruay mea ra hăngüs, srüe placäp e do croth hiboath șaf ti'uar?"
- Std. Talman:
- Std. Bjeheondian: [pʁəˈjon ŋa vi piˈda bʁəwiːd xiə təbiːts | wəhaŋ hos ʁuːj miə ʁa həŋʏyz, zʁyː pləkɛp ʔe do kʁoð ibuəθ ʃaf tiʔuɐ]
- Ăfifay chea că'aw e fid: "Lea sed die placănărnga, fi Pida? Bang ruay tsor ti'uar palüc, sach se făbeang imti'uar nătha yaf croth mălem!"
- Std. Talman:
- Std. Bjeheondian: [ʔəvivaj xiə kəʔaw ʔe vid | liə zed diː pləkənɐŋa, vi pida ‖ baŋ ʁuːj tsɔɐ tiʔuɐ palʏk, zaɣze vəbiəŋ ʔimtiʔuɐ nəða jaf kʁoð məlem]
- "Fi Pida chea sngiem șaf chäth mi ngil, "Fi chäth se eth ruay hăltsrüeng te thăpal fănaw."
- Std. Talman:
- Std. Bjeheondian: [vi pida xiə zŋiːm ʃaf xɜð mi ŋil, vi xɜð ze ʔeð ʁuːj həltsʁyːŋ te ðəpal vənaw]
Sandbox
TODO: use the vowel shifts for Eevo?
Standard Pategian (Tamrona): /vny:t taʊ, vi tsu:m rɪ mɔt eɪmi wɔ:kər, rɪ ɬɛ:f lɪ:w møyts taɪ rɪ draɪl vɑ tɑ:mraʊnɑ:/
Standard Bjeheondian (Sănach): /vnʊɪt taɔ, vi tsu:m rɪ mɔt ɪ:mi wɔ:kər, rɪ ɬə:f lɪ:w mø:ts tae rɪ drael vɑ sənɑ:x/
Wiebian: /vnoɪt taɔ, vi tsu:m ʀɪ mɔt ɪ:mi wɔ:kəʀ, ʀɪ ɬə:f lɪ:w mø:ts tae ʀɪ dʀael vɑ wɪ:p/
Theater pronunciation: /vny:t təʊ, vi tsu:m riə mɔt iəmi woəkər, riə ɬə:f liəw myəts təi riə [???]/
Bălang:
Euldondjama:
Bjeheondian accents
Bjeheondian accents tend to have more conservative consonants but less conservative vowels.
Voiceless stops /p t k/ are usually unaspirated [p⁼ t⁼ k⁼] in Bjeheondian accents. Voiced stops /b d g/ are fully voiced. Front fricatives /f θ s/ are by default voiced [v ð z]; they only devoice to [f θ s] when followed by an "inherently voiceless" consonant, i.e. one of /p t k ts x h ʔ/. (Thus obstruent voicing assimilation can be said to work like in Slavic languages or Israeli Hebrew.)
Standard USB
/əm ən əl ər/ become [m̩ n̩ l̩ ɐ] in closed unstressed syllables.
Standard Bjeheondian Windermere keeps ä as a separate vowel /ɐ~ɜ/ except before r.
/r/ is uvular [ʁ] and vocalizes when not before a vowel, as follows:
- ar = är → [aɐ~aː]
- er → [ɛɐ]
- ear → [eɐ]
- or → [ɔɐ]
- oar → [oɐ]
- ir = ier → [iɐ]
- ür = üer → [yɐ]
- ur = uar → [uɐ]
Vocalization of R has caused a chain vowel shift:
- ie üe ue ea oa > [ɪ: ø: ʊ: ɛ: ɔ:]
- i ü u e o > [əi əy əu ae ao]
Fincreaș
Classical Windermere tł stays distinct unlike in other dialects.
Broad Fincreaș
Wieb
The Wiebian accent is the source of the change of /r/ to uvular [ʀ] in Bjeheondian (cf. Phnom Penh Khmer and Israeli Hebrew).
Other Bjeheondian accents are shifting towards the Wieb accent.
Tsăloș
Ä is like /e/
Ü is exolabial like swedish
While u is endolabial
And ü is typically a monophthong while i is between /i:/ and /əi/
Ea, ie, oa and ua are lax
Tumhanian accent
/fi pɻits̠ tə'mɛː ja ŋɔs̠'ɻɛːx ɬəu/ Fi brits Dămea ya ngothreach Ław
Talman accents
General Wen Dămea
- ä merges with e and both are pronounced [e].
- Merged high vowels before /r/ are as follows:
- ir = ier = [iər]
- ür = üer = [yər]
- ur = uar = [uər]
- /l/ is vocalized to [ɤ̯ˤ] and becomes [χˤ] after aspirated consonants.
- /el ol il yl ul eəl oəl iəl yəl uəl/ = [ɛɤ̯ˤ ɔɤ̯ˤ ɪɤ̯ˤ ʏɤ̯ˤ ʊɤ̯ˤ eːɤ̯ˤ oːɤ̯ˤ iːɤ̯ˤ yːɤ̯ˤ uːɤ̯ˤ]
- /p t k/ are aspirated unless after a fricative, and /ə/ is deleted after aspirated consonants.
- Stressed vowels are lengthened in final open syllables and before /m n ŋ r b d g f~v θ~ð/. This is how final voiced and voiceless stops are distinguished.
- TODO table: Canadian raising-like effects:
- i: long: [i:] ~ short: [ɪ]
- ie: long: [iə] ~ short: [jə]
- /f θ s/ are voiced after vowels to [v ð z], unless a voiceless consonant follows in sandhi.
Sătmaș
- th = [s̪~z̪] (like Basque z)
- s = [s̠~z̠] (Basque s)
Chăloa
Syllable-initial f, th, s are also voiced, in addition to syllable-final f, th, s.