User:Ceige/SEA Inspired 2
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | |
---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | k |
Nasal | m | n | ng |
Vowels
Monophthongs
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Closed | i | ǝ~ɯ | u |
Mid | |||
Open | a |
Diphthongs
Stage #1:
The diphthongs simply represent every possible combination of two vowels.
i+ | +i | Ø | +u | u+ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Closed | iu | ui | |||
Mid | iǝ | ǝi | ǝ | ǝu | uǝ |
Open | ia | ai | a | au | ua |
Stage #2:
The diphthongs form new phonemic monophthongs.
i+ | +i | Ø | +u | u+ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Closed | ɯ | ɯ | |||
Mid | ɛ | e | o | ɔ | |
Open | ɛ | æ | a | ɒ | ɔ |
Stage #3 (combined with original monophthongs):
The new monophthongs collapse, with the fronted and rounded groups collapsing on /e/ and /o/. The language's vowel space now represents the skewed vowel space found in nature rather than the idealistic trapezoid.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Closed | i | ɯ | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
Dialects: For modern dialectal purposes, up to 8 vowels are sometimes rendered, but these 8-vowel systems are not produced by the same sound changes.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Closed | i~í | ɯ~ɯ́ | |
Mid | é~ì | ǝ | ó~ɯ̀ |
Open | è~e~ä | a | ò~o~å |
For example, sometimes ä and å are formed from *ia and *ua, other times from *ai and *au, and sometimes both.
CV-Clusters
Stages | CV Pairs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Initial | p | pi | pu | t | ti | tu | k | ki | ku | m | mi | mu | n | ni | nu | ŋ | ŋi | ŋu | Ø | Øi | Øu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Final | p-, h- | hy- | f- | t | ch- | ts- | k- | ky- | k- | m- | my- | m-, w- | n- | ny- | n-, m- | Ø- | Øy- | Øw- | Ø- | Øy- | Øw- |
This results in modern clusters like:
- tua -> tso
- chiu -> chu
- puai -> fe
... but kia -> ke (expected: kye — the fronting of /e/ provides the patalalisation automatically).