User:Ceige/SEA Inspired 2

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Phonology

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal
Plosive p t k
Nasal m n ng

Vowels

Monophthongs

Front Central Back
Closed i ǝ~ɯ u
Mid
Open a

Diphthongs

Stage #1:

The diphthongs simply represent every possible combination of two vowels.

i+ +i Ø +u u+
Closed iu ui
Mid iǝ ǝi ǝ ǝu uǝ
Open ia ai a au ua

Stage #2:

The diphthongs form new phonemic monophthongs.

i+ +i Ø +u u+
Closed ɯ ɯ
Mid ɛ e o ɔ
Open ɛ ~ja æ a ɒ ɔ

Stage #3 (combined with original monophthongs):

The new monophthongs collapse, with the fronted and rounded groups collapsing on /e/ and /o/. The language's vowel space now represents the skewed vowel space found in nature rather than the idealistic trapezoid.

Front Central Back
Closed i ɯ
Mid e o
Open a

Dialects: For modern dialectal purposes, up to 8 vowels are sometimes rendered, but these 8-vowel systems are not produced by the same sound changes.

Front Central Back
Closed i~í ɯ~ɯ́
Mid é~ì ǝ ó~ɯ̀
Open è~e~ä a ò~o~å

For example, sometimes ä and å are formed from *ia and *ua, other times from *ai and *au, and sometimes both.

CV-Clusters

Stages CV Pairs
Initial p pi pu t ti tu k ki ku m mi mu n ni nu ŋ ŋi ŋu Ø Øi Øu
Final p-, h- hy- f-* t ch- ts- k- ky- k- m- my- m- n- ny- n- Ø- Øy- Øw- Ø-, -r-* Øy-, s- Øw-, h-
  • Ø- -> r- only happens phrase medially (in certain cases), and is thought to be the epenthetic addition of -r-, probably from an earlier **-t-, -n-, or -nt-.
  • Note that *pu -> fu is not a case of intermediate *hu being affected by rounding but rather the affect of *φ being preserved by closure.


This results in modern clusters like:

  • tua -> tso
  • chiu -> chu
  • puai -> fe

... but kia -> ke (expected: kye — the fronting of /e/ provides the patalalisation automatically).

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