Naeng
| Naeng | |
|---|---|
| brits Răthoyd | |
| Created by | IlL, Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Rhythoed (ruh-THOYD; natively brits Răthoyd or brits Dămea) is the most dominant modern form of Windermere, spoken all over Bjeheond and Rhythoed and in parts of Fyxam.
Rhythoed is based on the vernacular of Imperial Windermere, and did not change significantly since, except the introduction of more loans. After the Grouidite Revolution, Windermere lost much of its importance in Talma, but still had a strong presence in Bjeheond.
Todo
Accents in Rhythoed
- General Bjeheondian
- Western Bjeheondian
- Plüeng Săfărchal
- Plüeng Midleș
- Plüeng Pădoată
- Feiden / Tumhanian
- Shumian
- Fyxamian
- Rhythoed (the region in Wen Dămea)
- Other Wen Dămea accents
- Sătmaș
- Chăloa
- Pruceay
Diachronics
Diglossia
Spoken Rhythoed is pretty much the same in all three continents, except for accent and a few vocabulary differences.
Wen Dămea Rhythoed is heavily diglossic: the upper classes, literature and newscasts use a language much closer to Classical Windermere. Written Rhythoed in Fyxam and Bjeheond is very close to the spoken language, but they use different alphabets: Fyxam uses the Clofabic alphabet, while Bjeheond uses the Wiobian alphabet.
Phonological history
- ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
- r > ɹ in the Bjeheond dialect (Talma has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Bjeheond has a British RP-ish accent)
- l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
- ł > ś, ş > ṣ
Grammatical history
- Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
- Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /k/ | ' /ʔ/ | |||
| Affricate | ts /ts/ | tł /tɬ/ | |||||
| Fricative | spirant | f /f~v/ | th /θ~ð/ | ch /x/ | |||
| nonspirant | s /s/ | ł /ɬ/ | ș /ʃ/ | h /h/ | |||
| Resonant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l~ʟ/ | y /j/ | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | [ɨ] | u /u/ |
| Near-close | ie /ɪ/ | üe /ø/ | ua /ʊ/ | |
| Close-mid | e /e/ | ă /ə/ | o /o/ | |
| Open-mid | ea /ɛ/ | oa /ɔ/ | ||
| Open | a /ɐ/ | |||
- Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
- [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ɹ/ in Bjeheondian Rhythoed.
The Bjeheond dialect
Bjeheondian Rhythoed is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or ar are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə ɑə/. The stops b d g are voiced. The vowel ă is /ɨ/.
Stress
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Morphology
Verbs
Verbs are not conjugated, but are used with auxiliaries.
Auxiliaries
Tense auxiliaries
| I | thou | he | she | it | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | mor | moł | mon | mos | mot | mots | mob | mong | mam |
| past | chear | cheał | chean | chels | chelt | chelts | chelb | cheang | cheam |
| future | per | perł | pern | pers | pert | perts | perb | perng | perm |
Emphatic auxiliaries: mor rie, moł łen, mon in ...
Syntax
AuxSVO
- Mor mi brits cădef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.
- PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate
- I speak of love and hate.
- Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.
- PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed
- The bird is eating a seed.
Vocabulary
Rhythoed contains more Tamil (Proto-Clofabic) words than Classical Windermere.
Sample texts
UDHR
in Bjeheondian Rhythoed:
Mam tsor croth fa thead lua te thar mis hăltlas tes imłin. Mam hac răfongüe yas hălfăthin tes hălslithma ...