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User:IlL/Spare pages 1/40

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Revision as of 04:20, 11 July 2018 by IlL (talk | contribs) (→‎Additional tense-A words)

The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it can be described as "standardized modern Philadelphian", or "slightly General American-ized Philly".

Consonants
IPA examples
b buy, cab, abbot
ç~ɦ hue, human, huge
d dye, cad, do, due, added, drink
ð thy, breathe, father
d͡ʒ giant, badge, jam
f fan, café, physics, laugh
ɡ guy, bag, yoghurt
h high, hot, who
ɦ~h ahead, behind
j yes, yacht
k; kʰ sky, crack, charisma; can, quite
ɫ lamp, sly, gal, alligator, feel, call
m my, smile, cam, slammed
ɱ symphony, circumvent
n nigh, snide, can, banned
ŋ sang, thank, sinking, running
θ thigh, maths, atheist
p; pʰ spy, cap, tapping; pin, pony, rapport
ɹ rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t; tʰ sty, cat, time, ton, tune
ɾ patty, mighty
t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ catch, Portugal; China
v vie, have
w why, wine, question
x loch, jalapeño
z zoo, has, realise
ʒ equation, pleasure, vision, beige
ʔ uh-oh, kitten
Vowels
IPA lax IPA tense
æ trap, pad, marry, linearity eə̯ /æ/ before /m, n/, some BATH words in RP (see below)
ɛ dress, bed, fell, error, merry, again
ɪ kill, lid, bin, system, happY after /l/ or /r/ i seed, receive, achieve, encyclopedia, fetus, Jesus, other happY words
ɑ palm, father, pasta, dot, orange, can't (emphatic) o~oə~ʊə thought, dawn, fall, pole, off, loss, cost, cloth, dog, long, on (see CLOTH words below)
ʊ good, woman, fool, pull ʉ; jʉ food, chew, do, through; cute, queue, you, neutral
ɤ~ʌ mud, young, hurry, turret, current, cull, gullet
ə comma, assume
IPA Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
ɑj ride, pile, I, dye, buy ʌj spider, tight, type
ɑɚ car, yard
æw cow, loud, bough
ɛj say, rays ɪj name, pain, weight, raise, flea
eɚ care, fairy, authoritarian
iɚ beer, fear, serious, fierce, beard, here
oj~ʊj choice, toy, coin
əw bone, go, goat, blow
oɚ~ʊɚ north, core, poor
joɚ cure, pure
ɚ fur, letter
Syllabic consonants
ɫ̩~əɫ awful, waffle, offal, squabble
m̩~əm rhythm, atom
n̩~ən button, even, Britain, often

Additional tense-A words

  • calf, chaff, giraffe, graph, half, laugh, photograph, staff, telegraph
  • calve, halve
  • all -aft- words: aft, after, craft, daft, draft, graft, haft, laughter, raft, rafter, shaft
  • bath, lath, path
  • ass, brass, class, glass, grass, pass
  • all -ask- words: e.g. ask, bask, basket, cask, casket, flask, mask, rascal, task
  • all -asp- words: e.g. clasp, gasp, grasp, hasp, rasp
  • all -ast- words: e.g. aghast, avast, blast, cast, caste, contrast, fast, last, mast, past, repast, vast, bastard, caster, castor, dastard(ly), disaster, ghastly, master, nasty, pasteurize, pastime, pastor, pastoral, pasture, plaster
  • castle, fasten, raspberry
  • bad, glad, mad

CLOTH words

  • cough, doff, off, quaff, scoff, toff, trough, often
  • croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
  • coffer, offer, proffer
  • office, coffee, toffee
  • across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
  • Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
  • broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
  • along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
  • dog
  • on, onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon

Miscellaneous

can't is sometimes pronounced /kɑnt/ (to help distinguish it from can).

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