| Consonants
|
| IPA |
examples
|
| (ʔ)
|
In vowel initial words such as Abend
|
| b
|
Bier, haben
|
| b̥~p
|
Textbuch
|
| p̚
|
Stab, knapp
|
| d
|
Dach, Leder
|
| d̥~t
|
Ausdruck
|
| t̚
|
Tod, Wort
|
| d͡ʒ
|
Jeans
|
| f
|
Fahne, positiv
|
| ɡ
|
gestern, Magen
|
| h
|
high, hot, who
|
| ɦ~h
|
ahead, behind
|
| j
|
yes, yacht
|
| k; kʰ
|
sky, crack, charisma; can, quite
|
| l
|
lamp, sly, gal, alligator
|
| ɫ
|
feel, call
|
| m
|
my, smile, cam, slammed
|
| ɱ
|
symphony, circumvent
|
| n
|
nigh, snide, can, banned
|
| ŋ
|
sang, thank, sinking, running
|
| ŋɡ
|
finger, anger, singer
|
| θ
|
thigh, maths, atheist
|
| p; pʰ
|
spy, cap, tapping; pin, pony, rapport
|
| ɹ
|
rye, try, very
|
| s
|
sigh, mass
|
| ʃ
|
shy, cash, emotion, stupid
|
| t; tʰ
|
sty, cat, atom; time, ton
|
| t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ
|
catch, track, Portugal; China, tune
|
| v
|
vie, have
|
| w
|
why, wine, question
|
| x
|
loch, jalapeño
|
| z
|
zoo, has, realise
|
| ʒ
|
equation, pleasure, vision, beige
|
| ʔ
|
uh-oh
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
short |
IPA |
long
|
| a
|
trap, pad, laugh
|
ɑː
|
palm, father, start, can't
|
| ɛ
|
dress, bed, fell, error, merry, again
|
| ɪ
|
kill, lid, bin, system
|
iː
|
flea, seed, receive, achieve, encyclopædia, fœtus, Jesus
|
| ɒ
|
robot, pod, cough
|
ɔː
|
thought, dawn, fall, corn
|
| ʊ
|
good, mud, woman, young
|
u̟ː; ju̟ː
|
food, chew, do, through; cute, queue, you, neutral
|
| ə
|
comma, assume, letter
|
ɜː
|
bird, furry, word
|
| IPA |
diphthongs |
IPA |
triphthongs
|
| aɪ̯
|
ride, pile, I, dye, buy
|
aɪ̯ə
|
hire, Ireland, choir, buyer
|
| aʊ̯
|
cow, loud, bough
|
aʊ̯ə
|
hour, shower, dour
|
| ɛə̯
|
air, care, bear, mayor, where, fare
|
| eɪ̯
|
bay, name, pain, weight
|
eɪ̯ə
|
betrayal, Malayan
|
| ɪə̯
|
beer, fear, serious, fierce, beard, here
|
| ɔɪ̯
|
choice, toy, coin
|
ɔɪ̯ə
|
employer, lawyer, destroyer
|
| əʊ̯
|
bone, go, goat, blow
|
əʊ̯ə
|
mower, boa, Noah
|
| Syllabic consonants
|
| l̩
|
awful, waffle, offal, squabble
|
| m̩
|
rhythm, atom
|
| n̩
|
button, even, Britain, often
|
|