User:Waahlis/Vrka: Difference between revisions

User:Waahlis/Vrka (view source)

Revision as of 18:54, 8 September 2013

768 bytes removed , 8 September 2013

→‎Phonology

Waahlis

Administrators

2,969

edits

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 ==Phonology==
-:''See also: [[IPA for Ris]]''
 ===Consonants===
+This is the Ris inventory of consonants.
-The following table portraits Ris' phonetic inventory of consonants. All consonants, except aspirated ones, may be geminated, which is phonemic, and represented by doubling the grapheme. The letter /h/ represents aspiration when following consonants.
+Gemination is not phonemic. The letter /h/ represents [[w:Aspirated consonants|aspiration]] when following consonants.
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px;"
 |+'''Phonology and Orthography'''
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
-! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|Bilabial
+! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
-! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|Dental
+! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
-! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="background: ;"|Retroflex
+! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="background: ;"|[[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|Palatal
+! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
-! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|Velar
+! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
 |- align="center"
 !  style="background: ;"| <small>aspirated</small>
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ! style="background: ;"| <small>unaspirated</small>
 |- align="center"
-! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|Nasal
+! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Nasal consonants|Nasal]]
 | colspan="2"|m /m/
 | colspan="2"|'''n''' /n̪/
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 | colspan="2"|[ŋ]
 |- align="center"
-! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|Plosives
+! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Plosive consonants|Plosives]]
 !  style="background: ;"|<small>voiced</small>
 |'''bh''' /bʱ/
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 |'''k''' /k/
 |- align="center"
-! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|Affricatives
+! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Affricate consonants|Affricates]]
 ! style="background: ;"| <small>voiced</small>
 | colspan="2"|
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 | colspan="2"|
 |- align="center"
-! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|Fricatives
+! rowspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
 ! style="background: ;"|<small>voiced</small>
 | colspan="2"|'''v''' /β/
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 | colspan="1" rowspan="1"|'''h''' /x/
 |- align="center"
-! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|Trills
+! colspan="2" style="background: ;"|[[w:Trill consonant|Trills]]
 | colspan="2"|
 | colspan="2"|
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 | colspan="2"|
 |- align="center"
-! colspan="2"| Approximant
+! colspan="2"| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
 | colspan="2"|
 | colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɹ/
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 | colspan="2"|
 |- align="center"
-! colspan="2"| Lat. Approximant
+! colspan="2"| [[w:Lateral approximant consonant|Lat. Approximant]]
 | colspan="2"|
 | colspan="2"|'''l''' /l/
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 ====Retroflex sandhi====
-Retroflex sandhi, ''raṛisaṃdhi'', occurs at the morpheme boundaries or clusters containing a retroflex consonant.
+Retroflex [[w:sandhi|sandhi]], ''raṛisaṃdhi'', occurs at the morpheme boundaries or clusters containing a retroflex consonant.
 {{Scriptgloss
 |script = वृत
 |phrase = vṛta
-|IPA = /ˈvɚtɑ/ → /ˈvɚʈɑ/
+|IPA = /ˈβɚtɑ/ → /ˈβɚʈɑ/
 | morphemes = vṛta-∅
 | gloss = land.INAN.SG-PAT
@@ Line 179: / Line 179: @@
 ====Nasal sandhi====
-The nasal sandhi, or ''anaśisaṃdhi'', works in a similar way to the retroflex one. The nasal stops assimilate to the place of articulation of the adjacent sound, including to retroflex consonants.
+The nasal [[w:sandhi|sandhi]], or ''anaśisaṃdhi'', works in a similar way to the retroflex one. The nasal stops assimilate to the place of articulation of the adjacent sound, including to retroflex consonants.
 {{Scriptgloss
@@ Line 204: / Line 204: @@
 |IPA = /anˈkʰʊːtɪ/ → /aŋˈkʰʊːtɪ/
 | morphemes = am-khūti-∅
-| gloss = down-to_run.VN.INAN.SG-PAT
+| gloss = down-to_fall.VN.INAN.SG-PAT
 | translation = downfall
 }}
+====Voicedness sandhi====
+Sandhi due to [[w:voicedness|voicedness]], known as ''ūkasaṃdhi'' in Ris, causes some consonants to change their [[w:phonation|phonation]] in morpheme boundaries.
 ====Lenition====
-In addition to the consonants above, Nāmic suffers from severe allophony, '''lenition''', caused when:
+Ris also  suffers from severe [[w:lenition|lenition]], or  caused when:
 *Consonants lie in medial position between two vowels.
-*Consonants lie in final position in lexemes - '''Not '''in syllables.
+*Consonants lie in final position in words, but not in syllables.
-The aspirated consonants become completely spirantisised, whilst the unaspirated phonemes become affricates. The exceptions are the velars, which all become fricatives. The nasal consonants, affricates, trills and approximants remain unaffected.
+The [[w:aspirated consonant|aspirated consonant]]s become completely [[w:spirantisation|spirantisised]], whilst the unaspirated phonemes become [[w:affricate|affricate]]s. The exceptions are the velars, which all become [[w:fricative consonant|fricative]]s. The nasal consonants, affricates, trills and approximants remain unaffected.
-Please note that the phonemes without brackets are the non-lenitioned consonants.
+Please note that the phonemes without brackets are the non-lenited consonants.
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px;"
-|+Allophony
+|+'''Lenition'''
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
 ! colspan="2"|Bilabial
@@ Line 314: / Line 318: @@
 |}
-Nota bene:
-There is additional allophony, regarding phonation. The pairs /β - ɸ/ and [w - ʍ], are only represented by one grapheme ; ⟨v⟩. Their voiced counterpart is an allophone - see [[Ris#Consonant Assimilation| Consonant Assimilation]].
-Thus, our conclusion is that the word '''vāka'''- voice, speach - shouldn't be pronounced [ˈvaːka], but rather [ˈvaːxa].
 ====Consonant Assimilation====
 Nāmic possesses a progressive consonant assimilation word-internally, based upon phonation, or voicedness.
-The consequence is that a consonant, a cluster, or an affricate, is pronounced differently, depending on whether it is preceded by a voiced or voiceless consonant. There are exceptions to this rule, since the alveolar trill [r] and the retroflex tap [ɽ] do not differ between voicedness.
-The nasal stops are affected quite differently, with a complete nasalisation of the preceding vowel - and loss of the stop - if the initial or first consonant is ''voiced''. However, nasals are perceived as neutral in nature, and does therefore not affect voiceless nor voiced phonemes.
-There are, however, two dialects of Nāmic;
-*''Sthānta'', which means "current, dominating".
-*''Austikā'', which means "golden, posh".
-The Sthānta dialect will be featured in this article, and is the main dialect that distinguishes consonant assimilaton upon voicedness.
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"