Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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 * '''vādį''' — without, with essive or subjunctive. Unlike English, it cannot be used anaphorically.
-==="Paired" particles===
+===Correlative particles===
-Chlouvānem does not have "paired" particles as English does, because they are translated in different ways:
+Chlouvānem does not have correlative conjunctions as English does, because they are translated in different ways:
-* "both... and..." is translated by the adverb '''peiṃsiṭ''' (the same), either in the form "X Y no peiṃsiṭ" or in "X ..., Y peiṃsiṭ":
+* English "both... and..." is most commonly translated as ''X Y no tan'' ("X, and also Y"), e.g. ''jādāh lañekaica no tan nanau draikate'' "both Jādāh and Lañekaica did that".
-:: ''jādāh lañekaica no peiṃsiṭ nanau draikate'' – both Jādāh and Lañekaica did that.
+*: Alternatively, the forms ''X Y no peiṃsiṭ'' ("X, and the same for Y") or ''X ..., Y peiṃsiṭ'' ("X ..., and Y the same") are also widespread, e.g. ''jādāh lañekaica no peiṃsiṭ nanau draikate''; ''nāneh lei uyųla, māra peiṃsiṭ'' "I have eaten both the bread and the mango".
-:: ''nānyu uyųlaṃte : māru peiṃsiṭ'' – I have eaten both the bread and the mango.
+* English "neither... nor..." is translated by the same structures as "both... and...", but negative. In the most common usage, ''tan'' is omitted:
-* "neither... nor..." requires the sentence to be built in a different way, namely "not X, and also not Y", where "also not" is translated in two different ways: 1) by the particle '''gūta''' (more formal); or 2) with the adverb ''peiṃsiṭ'' - therefore building a sentence that is exactly like the "both X and Y" but negative.
+*: ''jādāh lañekaica no (tan) nanau gu draikate ša'' "neither Jādāh nor Lañekaica did that"; ''nāneh lei gun uyųla ša, māra peiṃsiṭ'' "I have eaten neither the bread nor the mango".
-:: ''jādāh nanau gu dṛkte ša : lañekaica gūta'' – neither Jādah nor Lañekaica did that. Literal translation: Jādāh didn't do it, and Lañekaica also [didn't].
-:: ''nāniu gu uyųlaṃte ša : māru peiṃsiṭ'' – I have eaten neither the bread nor the mango. Literally: I haven't eaten the bread, and the same for the mango.
 * "either... or..." is easily translated by the exclusive or (''mbu''). It is commonly only used after the second term, but it can be put after every term for emphasis:
-:: ''jādāh (mbu) lañekaica mbu nanau dṛkte'' – either Jādah or Lañekaica did it. (note the singular verb)
+*: ''jādāh (mbu) lañekaica mbu nanau dṛkte'' – either Jādah or Lañekaica did it. (note the singular verb)
 ===Emphatic particles===