Bźatga: Difference between revisions

Bźatga (view source)

Revision as of 17:31, 13 March 2021

194 bytes removed , 13 March 2021

→‎Nouns

Psammead

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edits

@@ Line 479: / Line 479: @@
 | align="center" | "shape"
 |-
-! rowspan="3;" align="center" | 4
+! rowspan="4;" align="center" | 4
 | align="center"| ''trouda''
 | colspan="2;" align="center"| ''troude''
 | align="center" | ''trouda''
 | align="center" | "foot"
+|-
+| align="center"| ''ĺeda''
+| align="center"| ''ĺede''
+| align="center"| ''ĺeģe''
+| align="center" | ''ĺeģa''
+| align="center" | "valley"
 |-
 | align="center"| ''cu''
@@ Line 490: / Line 496: @@
 | align="center" | "dog"
 |-
-| align="center"| ''ĺeda''
+| align="center"| ''ava''
-| align="center"| ''ĺede''
+| colspan="2;" align="center"| ''aune''
-| align="center"| ''ĺeģe''
+| align="center"| ''auna''
-| align="center" | ''ĺeģa''
+| align="center" | "name"
-| align="center" | "valley"
 |}
@@ Line 501: / Line 506: @@
 * stem-final ''v'' or ''j'' may also disappear before ''-i'' and ''-u'' according to rules set out above, e.g. ''căbrova'' "tribesman", pl. ''căbroî''.
 * stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''.
-* note the different stem shapes in the 4th declension. Most instances follow the example of ''trouda'', but these are indistinguishable from the 1st declension in their NAsg. form. Any noun with an NAsg. in ''-u'' will take ''-(o)n-'' in the remaining cases. Nouns like ''ĺeda'' have iotisation in the plural.
-The following nouns are irregular:
-{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;"
-! rowspan="2;" | Decl.
-! colspan="2;" align="center" | Singular
-! rowspan="2;" style="width: 150px;"  align="center" | Plural
-! rowspan="2;" style="width: 150px;" |
-|-
-! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Nom.-Acc.
-! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Gen.-Dat.
-|-
-! align="center" style="width: 50px" | 3
-| align="center"| ''źi''
-| align="center"| ''źije''
-| align="center"| ''źija''
-| align="center"| "king"
-|-
-! align="center"| 3
-| align="center"| ''bô''
-| align="center"| ''bove''
-| align="center"| ''bova''
-| align="center" | "cow"
-|-
-! align="center" | 3
-| align="center"| ''aģi''
-| align="center"| ''aģe''
-| align="center"| ''aģa''
-| align="center" | "father"
-|-
-|}
-Like ''aģi'' are ''maģi'' "mother" and ''braģi'' "brother".
+th declension nouns are divided into four sub-classes depending on the stem:
+* ''trouda'' demonstrates the normal paradigm for the majority of 4th declension nouns, where the endings are added to an immutable stem;
+* ''ĺeda'' shows iotisation in the plural, along with ''leda'' "width", ''neva'' "heaven";
+* nouns with a NAsg. in ''-u'' like ''cu'' take ''-on-'' in the remaining categories and nouns with ''-û'' ''aû'' "river" take ''-n-'' (''auna, aune''). Place-names often belong to this class.
+* ''ava'' belongs to a rare class with a full stem in ''-(a)n-''. Besides ''ava'' "name", ''gova'' "smith" (''goun-''), ''mjava'' "memory, thought" (''mjaun-'') the remaining members are all old verbal nouns in NAsg ''-ma'', GDsg. & pl. ''-mn-'' such as ''brama'' "fart", ''grama'' "shout", ''cama'' "step", ''lama'' "jump", ''luma'' "drop", ''śtoma'' "bend", ''tama'' "bite".
 ====The Vocative====