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| |imagesize = 250px | | |imagesize = 250px |
| |name = Ris | | |name = Ris |
| |nativename = Rhanzi ri | | |nativename = oī́kas ri |
| |pronunciation= /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ | | |pronunciation= /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ |
| |region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] | | |region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] |
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| }} | | }} |
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| The '''Ris''' language, ''oikas ri'' /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ or simply '''Ris''' /rɪs/, is a Jasi-Jivan language related to the [[Kiwi]] and [[Kandi]] languages. | | The '''Ris''' language, ''oī́kas ri'', /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ or simply '''Ris''' /rɪs/, is a Jasi-Jivan language related to the [[Kiwi]] and [[Kandi]] languages. |
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| Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | | Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. |
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| Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. | | Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. |
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| Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the [[w:Greek language|Greek language]]; my greatest influence no matter the language. | | Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the [[w:Greek language|Greek language]]; my greatest influence no matter the language. |
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| |'''y''' /ʉː/ | | |'''ȳ''' /ʉː/ |
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| |'''i '''/ɪ/ | | |'''i '''/ɪ/ |
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| |'''ou''' /ʊ/ | | | |
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| |- | | |- |
| !<small>long</small> | | !<small>long</small> |
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| |'''i '''/ɪː/ | | |'''ī'''/ɪː/ |
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| |'''ou '''/ʊː/ | | |'''ou '''/ʊː/ |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2"|Close-mid | | ! colspan="2"|Close-mid |
| |'''e''' /eː/ | | |'''ē''' /eː/ |
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| |'''o''' /oː/ | | |'''ō''' /oː/ |
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| ! colspan="2"|Mid | | ! colspan="2"|Mid |
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| ! rowspan="2"|Open | | ! rowspan="2"|Open |
| !<small>short</small> | | !<small>short</small> |
| | |'''a '''/a/ |
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| |'''a '''/ä/
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| |- | | |- |
| !<small>long</small> | | !<small>long</small> |
| | |'''ā''' /aː/ |
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| |'''a'''/äː/
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| |} | | |} |
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| Other than that, my vowels are rather simple. No mystics quirks at all. Well, that's if you choose to ignore the [[w:vowel harmony|vowel harmony]] and [[w:umlaut|umlaut]] process in the '''Mirskya dialect'''. Makes it a tad more interesting, in my opinion.
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| <!-- ==Orthography==
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| Ris is primarily written in the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]], but the original alphabet was in fact [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]]. In its classical and modern form, the alphabet has 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega; or ''ai mḗ otḗma'' in Ris. The below table shows the two alphabets and the Ris names for the letters, as well as the pronunciation in '''Standard Ris''' and the colloquial '''Ouis dialect'''.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="6" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Orthography
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Greek
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| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Latin
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| ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:50px;"|Pronunciation
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| |-
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| ! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|Ris
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| ! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|Ouis
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| |-
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| |Α α
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| |''άλπα''
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| |A a
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| |''ai''
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| | colspan="2"|/a/
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| |-
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| |Β β
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| |''βήτα''
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| |B b
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| |''bou''
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| |/b/
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| |/β/
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| |-
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| |Γ γ
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| |''γάμμα''
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| |G g
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| |''gou''
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| |/g/
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| |/ɣ/
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| |-
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| |Δ δ
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| |''δέλτα''
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| |D d
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| |''da''
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| |/d/
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| |/ð/
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| |-
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| |Ε ε
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| |''έψιλαν''
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| |E e
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| |''egnás''
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| | colspan="2" |/ɛ/
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| |-
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| |Ζ ζ
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| |''ζήτα''
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| |Z z
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| |''za''
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| | colspan="2"|/d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/
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| |-
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| |Η η
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| |''ήτα''
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| |Ē ē
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| |''etḗma''
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| |/eː/
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| |/eɪ̯/
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| |-
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| |Θ θ
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| |''θήτα''
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| |Th th
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| |''tha''
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| |/tʰ/
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| |/θ/
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| |-
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| |Ι ι
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| |''ιότα''
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| |I i
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| |''iou''
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| | colspan="2" |/ɪ/
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| |-
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| |Κ κ
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| |''κάππα''
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| |K k
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| |''kau''
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| | colspan="2" |/k/
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| |-
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| |Λ λ
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| |''λάπτα''
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| |L l
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| |''la''
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| | colspan="2" |/l/
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| |-
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| |Μ μ
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| |''μύα''
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| |M m
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| |''ḗma''
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| | colspan="2" |/m/
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| |-
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| |Ν ν
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| |''νύα''
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| |N n
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| |''ḗna''
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| | colspan="2"|/n/
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| |-
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| |Ξ ξ
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| |''ξία''
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| |X x
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| |''ḗxa''
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| | colspan="2" |/ks͎ ~ gz͎/
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| |-
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| |Ο ο
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| |''ομίκραν''
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| |O o
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| |''ognás''
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| | colspan="2" |/ɔ/
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| |-
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| |Π π
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| |''πία''
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| |P p
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| |''pau''
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| | colspan="2"|/p/
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| |-
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| |Ρ ρ
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| |''ρό''
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| |R r
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| |''ría''
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| |/r/
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| |/ɹ/
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| |-
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| |'Ρ ῤ
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| |''ῤαυ''
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| |Rh rh
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| |''rhau''
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| |/r̥ʰ/
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| |/r/
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| |-
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| |Σ σ ς
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| |''σίγμα''
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| |S s
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| |''sa''
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| | colspan="2" |/s͎/
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| |-
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| |Τ τ
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| |''τάυ''
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| |T t
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| |''tau''
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| | colspan="2" |/t/
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| |-
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| |Υ υ
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| |''ύψιλαν''
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| |Y y
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| |''hytḗma''
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| |/ʉ/
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| |/ʏ/
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| |-
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| |Φ φ
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| |''φία''
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| |Ph ph
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| |''pha''
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| |/pʰ/
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| |/f/
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| |-
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| |Χ χ
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| |''χία''
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| |Kh kh
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| |''kha''
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| |/kʰ/
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| |/x/
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| |-
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| |Ψ ψ
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| |''ψία''
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| |Ps ps
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| |''ḗpsa''
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| | colspan="2"|/ps͎/
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| |-
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| |Ω ω
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| |''ώμεγα''
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| |Ō ō
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| |''otḗma''
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| |/oː/
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| |/oɪ̯/
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| |}
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| ===Diacritics===
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| The Ris alphabets, both the Latin and Greek one, use a few different diacritics to modify the pronunciation. There are five diacritics that mark the following:
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| *A stressed vowel in a syllable.
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| *A long vowel in a syllable.
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| *An aspirated vowel; preceded by /h/. Can also mark the phoneme /r̥ʰ/.
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| *A stressed, aspirated vowel.
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| *A long, aspirated vowel.
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| The use of [[w:aspiration|aspiration]] here does not refer to the co-articulating process, but rather that the vowel is preceded by an /h/, a "glottal fricative".
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| ====Stressed vowels====
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| Stressed vowels are marked with an [[w:acute accent|acute accent]], <'''<big>´</big>'''>, in the Latin script. In the Greek alphabet, the diacritic is the acute accent as well, only slightly different; <'''<big>΄</big>'''>. These mark that the syllable with the vowel is to be [[w:Stress (linguistics)|stressed]], and thus articulated stronger, than other syllables.
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| {|class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right: 50px; margin-left: 50px; text-align: center;"
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| |[[File:Greek acute.png|50px]]
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| |[[File:Greek grave.png|50px]]
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| |[[File:Latin eta.png|50px]]
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| |-
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| |Acute || Grave || Eta
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| |-
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| |[[File:Greek asper.png|50px]]
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| |[[File:Greek asper acute.png|50px]]
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| |[[File:Latin eta acute.png|50px]]
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| |-
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| |Spiritus asper || Asper acute || Eta acute
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| |}
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| ====Long vowels====
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| Long vowels are vowels pronounced vowels articulated for a longer period of time. These get a [[w:grave accent|grave accent]] in the Greek alphabet, <'''<big>`</big>'''>, and a [[w:macron|macron]] in the Latin script, <'''<big>¯</big>'''>.
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| Long vowels grave accent in the Greek script when stressed. In the Latin alphabet, however, the stressed long vowels get a second acute accent above the macron, <''<big>' ̄́</big>'''>.
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| As previously mentioned, all vowels can be long vowels, but there are two vowels that change their quality when elongated; the /ɛ/ and /ɔ/. These are raised to /eː/ and /oː/ respectively. In the Latin script these are marked as expected, <'''ē'''> and <'''ō'''>. However, in the Greek script, they are replaced by the letters [[w:eta|eta]] <'''η'''> and [[w:omega|omega]] <'''ω'''> respectively.
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| ====Aspiration====
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| Aspiration, when a vowel is preceded by /h/, is marked by a so-called [[w:rough breathing|dasia]] in the Greek script, <'''<big>῾</big>'''>. In the Latin manner of style though, the letter <'''h'''> precedes the vowel, as it does phonetically.
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| In the Greek script, the dasia can be combined with the acute and grave accent, producing <'''<big>῞</big>'''> and <'''<big>῝</big>'''>.
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| The dasia can also be placed on the Greek ''ro'' sign, <'''ρ'''>. The pronunciation of <'''ῤ'''> becomes /r̥ʰ/, an aspirated voiceless alveolo-dental trill.
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| -->
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| ==Morphology== | | ==Morphology== |