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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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The following text illustrates the incorporation of a nominalization with the Gerundial: | The following text illustrates the incorporation of a nominalization with the Gerundial: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = tankuryār izzesparaktirekt išpisaxmatti<u>nn</u> | |phrase = tankuryār izzesparaktirekt išpisaxmatti<u>nn</u>išpisaxxalamiħyišatti<u>xx</u>iššaru | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = tankūr=yār izzesparak-tirek=de šp-saxt-matti-n-[šp-saxt-kalam-iħy-šatt | | morphemes = tankūr=yār izzesparak-tirek=de šp-saxt-matti-n-[šp-saxt-kalam-iħy-šatt]-x-rti-ar-u | ||
| gloss = eels=ABL canoe.ABS-3NS.INAN.ACC+1S.NOM=GEN CAUS-INCH-exist-LNK-[CAUS-INCH-be.high-in.air-RFLX | | gloss = eels=ABL canoe.ABS-3NS.INAN.ACC+1S.NOM=GEN CAUS-INCH-exist-LNK-[CAUS-INCH-be.high-in.air-RFLX-GER]-3S.INAN.PT+3S.INDEF.AGT-PST-TRNS | ||
| translation = My hovercraft is full of eels, <span style="font-style:normal">lit.</span> "My canoe, my flying one is filled with eels." | | translation = My hovercraft is full of eels, <span style="font-style:normal">lit.</span> "My canoe, my flying one is filled with eels." | ||
}} | }} | ||
Deverbals formed by the Gerundial can serve as modifiers to the head of an NP: | Deverbals formed by the Gerundial can incorporate nouns, and serve as modifiers to the head of an NP. Thus, a truly complex word form can be created, as in the following example: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = išpisaxxalamiħyišattima<u>xx</u>im izzesparaktirekte | |phrase = išpisaxxalamiħyišattima<u>xx</u>im izzesparaktirekte | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Interestingly, it appears that noun incorporation can occur recursively in these deverbals formed by the Gerundial, such as in the following example, the result of a speech game between two speakers: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Nireppa nišwakanaft kalluntinnuspanniyaxpaxinnipsaspeksespiriškissartahabuš | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = Nireppa nišwak-∅-an=naft kallut-n-[[n-ruspar-niyaxpa-x]-n-[n-psa-subek-sespir-šk-x]]-x-sar-tah-ab-u=š | |||
| gloss = little.bear.ABS be.white-3MS.NOM-INTR=NMLZ eat-LNK-[LNK-play-in.fountain.grass-GER]-LNK-[LNK-[MIT-hold-in.hand-PARTIAL.CTRL]-GER]-look-3MS.ACC+2S.NOM-IMPF-TRNS=IRR | |||
| translation = Watch the white cub eating on the grass playing with the stick he's barely holding onto. | |||
}} | |||
As a deverbal, they can also form compounds: | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = išpisaxturasmiħyišattimaššumbat | |phrase = išpisaxturasmiħyišattimaššumbat | ||