870
edits
(Added two sets of numerals) |
(→Late Proto-Kamut Spacial Cases: added some more cases coz #yolo. Also explained equative vs essive.) |
||
Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
==== Late Proto-Kamut Spacial Cases ==== | ==== Late Proto-Kamut Spacial Cases ==== | ||
This case system arose through the agglutination of case markers; this specific set survives in the core Kamut branch. There existed more beyond these, like those in the Ayut branch (- | This case system arose through the agglutination of case markers; this specific set survives in the core Kamut branch. There existed more beyond these, like those in the Ayut branch (-minu and -minət; -minu and -minta). These are just examples. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
! Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural !! Usage | ! Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural !! Usage | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Locative || - | | Locative || -mi || -ikmi || -itmi || at | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative || - | | Ablative || -mət || -ikmt || -itmt || from | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Inessive || - | | Inessive || -min || -ikmin || -itmin || in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Illative₁ || -minu || -ikminu || -itminu || into | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Elative₁ || -minət || -ikminət || -itminət || outwards | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Illative₂ || -minən || -ikminən || -itminən || into | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Instrumental || -mik || -ikmik || -itmik || by means of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Dative || -mu || -ikmu || -itmu || to, for, at | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Allative || -mut || -ikmut || -itmut || to, towards | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Prosecutive || - | | Exessive || -mun || -ikmun || -itmun || out, outside of | ||
|- | |||
| Elative₂ || -munən || -ikmunən || -itmunən || outwards | |||
|- | |||
| Prosecutive || -muk || -ikmuk || -itmuk || by way of | |||
|- | |||
| Equative || -tut || -iktut || -ittut || like, as | |||
|- | |||
| Essive || -tun || -iktun || -ittun || to be | |||
|- | |||
| Abessive || -tək || -iktək || -ittət || without, -less | |||
|} | |} | ||
Some etymological notes on -tut vs -tun: it is believed that -tut was used basically to say "to the party, [I am] from (related to) it", while -tun was used to say "to the party, [I am] of (part of it) it", where "party" means "a selection made using the partitive case". Thus, the mechanics are essentially to make a selection, use -u (dative) to point to it, and then state one's affiliation to it (-t-u-(t/n)). | |||
With time, however, the meanings drifted, with -tut becoming an equative and giving an impression of similarity or being a member of a larger group, and with -tun becoming an essive and giving an impression of essence. | |||
==== Additional Cases ==== | ==== Additional Cases ==== |
edits