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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
===Kinship terminology=== | |||
Dundulanyä kinship terminology reflects the traditional clan-centric structure of their society; even if contemporary society does not have anymore the clan (''lilene'') as its main unit, kinship terminology hasn't changed and surnames (clan names) are still inherited matrilinearly. | |||
Dundulanyä kinship conceptually follows a variant of the [[w:Iroquois kinship|Iroquois system]] that gives more importance to female relatives on both the mother and the father's side of the family tree, establishing the mother's clan as primary and the father's clan (i.e. the one continued by the father's sisters') as secondary for Ego; the children of either parent's brothers are considered to belong to their respective mothers' clans, without any relationship to Ego. | |||
Such a system is characterized by three peculiarities: | |||
* the children of one's mother's sister(s), as well as any maternal halfsibling, are referred to with the same terms used for biological siblings. In the traditional societal structure, they all belong to the same clan as Ego. Marriage between the Ego and such cousins is taboo and prohibited by law; | |||
* the children of one's father's sister(s) are referred to with a set of "cousin" terms; they all belong to the same clan as Ego's father; | |||
* the children of either parent's brother(s), as well as any paternal halfsibling, are referred to with another, simpler set of "cousin" terms; in traditional perspective, they belong to other clans, with no relationship to Ego<ref>Especially in ancient times, there was some regional variation, as cousins through one's mother's brother are secondarily part of Ego's primary clan, and this was deemed an important distinction in certain areas.</ref>. | |||
The traditional clanic structure is also reflected by the fact that in Archaic Dundulanyä the same word could mean both "father" and - even more commonly, in earlier times - "mother's brother". In some areas it is still common to call one's mother's brother, as long as he's unmarried, with the same word used for "father". | |||
Mother's brother and father's brother have distinct words, but the words for the father's brother (and his spouse) are nowadays uncommon, and the same words ''būttra'' and ''būkṣāma'' are used, respectively, for both parents' brothers and their spouses. | |||
The Dundulanyä clan-centric kinship terminology also has implications in affinal distinctions, as spouses of relatives are treated differently depending on clan relationship, and Ego's spouse's relatives, especially cross-generational ones, are also treated differently depending on their clans. Affinal distinctions are different depending on whether Ego is female or male. | |||
* ''amamū'' — mother | |||
** ''mā'', ''māmu'' — mom | |||
* ''atabū'' or ''batū'' — father; (arch.) mother's brother | |||
** ''bā'', ''bābu'' — dad | |||
* ''niyāni'' or ''nyāni'' or ''nēni'' — grandmother, grandma | |||
* ''bauji'' or ''bābuji'' or ''boji'' — grandfather, grandpa | |||
* ''mamūniyāni'' — great-grandmother | |||
* ''batūbauji'' — great-grandfather | |||
* ''yoyiniyāni'' — great-great-grandmother | |||
* ''yoyibauji'' — great-great-grandfather | |||
** earlier ancestors are numbered, e.g. Ego's great-grandparent's grandma is ''hälinaika yoyiniyāni'' (lit. "second great-great-grandmother") whose father is Ego's ''kiṅkesi yoyibauji'' (lit. "third great-great-grandfather") and so on. | |||
* ''māmūtra'' — mother's sister | |||
** ''udhibande'' — mother's sister's spouse | |||
* ''melahbūla'' — father's sister | |||
** ''kubḍande'' — father's sister's spouse | |||
* ''būttra'' — uncle; (formally) mother's brother; (arch.) father | |||
** ''būkṣāma'' — uncle's spouse; (formally) mother's brother's spouse | |||
* ''kāḫlan'' — (rare) father's brother | |||
** ''kāḫṛnīma'' — (rare) father's brother's spouse | |||
* ''maiha'' — daughter; offspring, Ego's child | |||
* ''p̃aiṣu'' — son | |||
* ''liṭīca'' — granddaughter | |||
* ''läṭine'' — grandson | |||
** further descendants are numbered, e.g. ''hälinaika liṭīca'' "great-granddaughter" (lit. "second granddaughter) etc. | |||
====Siblings and cousins==== | |||
* ''ñältah'' — (male's) sister; sister; sibling; maternal aunt's daughter | |||
* ''buneya'' — female's elder sister; maternal aunt's daughter, older than Ego | |||
* ''kālike'' — female's younger sister; maternal aunt's daughter, younger than Ego | |||
* ''glūḫam'' — (female's) brother; maternal aunt's son | |||
* ''praśke'' — male's elder brother; maternal aunt's son, older than Ego | |||
* ''naiḍe'' — male's younger brother; maternal aunt's son, younger than Ego | |||
* ''būlañältah'' — (male's) paternal aunt's daughter | |||
* ''būlabuneya'' — paternal aunt's daughter, older than a female Ego | |||
* ''būlakālike'' — paternal aunt's daughter, younger than a female Ego | |||
* ''būlaglūḫam'' — (female's) paternal aunt's son | |||
* ''būlapraśke'' — paternal aunt's son, older than a male Ego | |||
* ''būlanaiḍe'' — paternal aunt's son, younger than a male Ego | |||
* ''tuṃsīca'' — daughter of one's parent's brother | |||
* ''toṃsine'' (III abl.) — son of one's parent's brother | |||
The following four couplets are used for siblings' children: | |||
* ''nimīca'' — (F) older sister's daughter | |||
* ''nämine'' (V abl.) — (F) older sister's son | |||
* ''trīca'' — (F) younger sister's daughter / (M) sister's daughter | |||
* ''tarine'' (I abl.) — (F) younger sister's son / (M) sister's son | |||
* ''kiḍīca'' — (M) older brother's daughter | |||
* ''käḍine'' (V abl.) — (M) older brother's son | |||
* ''huɂīca'' — (M) younger brother's daughter / (F) brother's daughter | |||
* ''hoɂine'' (III abl.) — (M) younger brother's son / (F) brother's son | |||
====Affinal relationships==== | |||
* ''lalāba'' — wife | |||
* ''śuthah'' (ṛ-stem) — husband | |||
* ''umāgi'' — mother-in-law | |||
* ''umausa'' — father-in-law | |||
* ''lāmati'' — husband's sister | |||
** ''lāṅgana'' — husband's sister's spouse | |||
* ''śuthṝṣra'' — husband's brother | |||
** ''śuthṝṣārya'' — husband's brother's spouse | |||
* ''udhilalāba'' — wife's sister | |||
* ''udhilalonde'' — wife's sister's spouse | |||
* ''gānoḍa'' — wife's brother | |||
* ''gānojāma'' — wife's brother's spouse | |||
===Colours=== | ===Colours=== | ||
Dundulanyä people traditionally distinguish 13 basic colours (''hīmba''), with the notable presence of two heavily culturally significant ones: golden yellow and lilac: | Dundulanyä people traditionally distinguish 13 basic colours (''hīmba''), with the notable presence of two heavily culturally significant ones: golden yellow and lilac: | ||