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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Nouns
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns have no grammatical gender but are marked for case and number. There are two cases in the singular: the '''Nominative-Accusative''' (NA) which is used for the subject and direct object of verbs; and the '''Oblique''' (O) which is used following prepositions and in some other constructions. Case is not marked in the plural and each noun has only a single plural form. | |||
Nouns belong to one of four declensions based on the final letter of the word: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 50px; "| Decl. | |||
! colspan="2;" align="center" | Singular | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 150px;" align="center" | Plural | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 300px;" align="center" | Notes | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Nom.-Acc. | |||
! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Oblique | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 1 | |||
| align="center"| ''dońa'' "person" | |||
| align="center"| ''dońu'' | |||
| align="center"| ''dońi'' | |||
| NA usually ends in ''-a'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 2 | |||
| align="center"| ''sule'' "sun" | |||
| align="center"| ''sule'' | |||
| align="center"| ''sułi'' | |||
| NA usually ends in ''-e'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 3 | |||
| align="center"| ''troud'' "foot" | |||
| align="center"| ''trouda'' | |||
| align="center"| ''troude'' | |||
| NA usually ends in a consonant | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 4 | |||
| align="center"| ''aų'' "name" | |||
| align="center"| ''auna'' | |||
| align="center"| ''aune'' | |||
| Stem ends in ''-n'', NA ends in a hooked vowel | |||
|} | |||
Notes: | |||
* stem-final consonants in 1st and 2nd declension nouns may undergo palatalisation in the plural, e.g. ''vade'' "oracle", pl. ''vaẑi''. | |||
* stem-final ''v'' or ''j'' may also disappear before ''-i'' according to rules set out above, e.g. ''căbrova'' "tribesman", pl. ''căbroî''. | |||
The following nouns are irregular: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 50px; "| Decl. | |||
! colspan="2;" align="center" | Singular | |||
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 150px;" align="center" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Nom.-Acc. | |||
! style="width: 150px; " align="center"| Oblique | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 3 | |||
| align="center"| ''źi'' "king" | |||
| align="center"| ''źija'' | |||
| align="center"| ''źije'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center"| 3 | |||
| align="center"| ''bô'' "cow" | |||
| align="center"| ''bova'' | |||
| align="center"| ''bove'' | |||
|} | |||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||