| No.
|
English
|
PS
|
Notes
|
| 1 |
I |
*n- |
Appears as *-an (1st person transitive subject), *-kan (1st person intransitive subject).
|
| 2 |
you (sg.) |
*ki- |
Appears as *-akʷ (1st person transitive subject), *-kəxʷ (1st person intransitive subject).
|
| 3 |
we |
*mi- |
|
| 4 |
this |
*ɣi |
Proximal marker, contransted with *jooθə - another proximate marker, the difference between them is not established.
|
| 5 |
that |
*ət |
Distal marker, far from both speaker and listener. Contrasts with *da as the medial-distance marker, far from speaker but close to listener.
|
| 6 |
who |
*kʷarsə |
Higher animate (used when talking about humans), contrasts with *tʰam, used with nouns of a lower animacy.
|
| 7 |
what |
*wat |
|
| 8 |
not |
*kää- |
A prefix, used together with nominals.
|
| 9 |
all |
*lčus, *nyumʼə |
|
| 10 |
many |
*səłku-(t/s) |
Western and far Eastern languages show a final *-t, while other languages point towards *-s instead.
|
| 11 |
one |
*nyeem |
|
| 12 |
two |
*meeja |
|
| 13 |
big |
*ɣʷiin |
|
| 14 |
long |
*kił |
|
| 15 |
small |
*iłiiqʰi |
|
| 16 |
woman |
*eełəŋ(kʼə) |
*kʼ only shows in Western languages and Šillai (a Southern language).
|
| 17 |
man |
*jootuqʼee |
Problematic, as most languages have different words, like *(i)nees, or *ajtax (this word probably originally meant "husband").
|
| 18 |
person |
*nipeekʰ |
Derives from *ni- and *weekʰu "people".
|
| 19 |
fish |
*čʰuu, *qəqoon |
*qəqoon probably meant "salmon" and kept its original meaning in Western languages.
|
| 20 |
bird |
– |
All branches show different words for "bird", such as *peeleeš, *lčaŋkłəs, or *cʼisqʷə.
|
| 21 |
horse |
*ilaar |
Dogs do not exist on Liifam, a word for "horse" is listed instead.
|
| 22 |
louse |
*θirxee |
|
| 23 |
tree |
*čʰikʷee |
|
| 24 |
seed |
*θalču(jŋə) |
Western languages point to *θalču, while Eastern languages point towards *θalčiiŋ.
|
| 25 |
leaf |
*pəlaŋqʼa |
|
| 26 |
root |
*čʼəłəjip |
|
| 27 |
bark (n.) |
*xeerɣʷa |
|
| 28 |
skin |
*ʟuuqʼə, *θərə |
|
| 29 |
meat |
*dääw, *diɣʷ |
Both *dääw and *diɣʷ gave words for "meat", but *dääw likely meant "cheek".
|
| 30 |
blood |
– |
Reflexes of three different roots are found among different languages: *arə, *ałkʷə and *cʰooxi.
|
| 31 |
bone |
|
|
| 32 |
grease |
|
|
| 33 |
egg |
|
|
| 34 |
horn |
|
|
| 35 |
tail |
|
|
| 36 |
feather |
|
|
| 37 |
hair |
|
|
| 38 |
head |
|
|
| 39 |
ear |
|
|
| 40 |
eye |
|
|
| 41 |
nose |
|
|
| 42 |
mouth |
|
|
| 43 |
tooth |
|
|
| 44 |
tongue |
|
|
| 45 |
fingernail |
|
|
| 46 |
foot |
|
|
| 47 |
knee |
|
|
| 48 |
hand |
|
|
| 49 |
belly |
|
|
| 50 |
neck |
|
|
| 51 |
breast |
|
|
| 52 |
heart |
|
|
| 53 |
liver |
|
|
| 54 |
drink |
|
|
| 55 |
eat |
|
|
| 56 |
bite |
|
|
| 57 |
see |
|
|
| 58 |
hear |
|
|
| 59 |
know |
|
|
| 60 |
sleep |
|
|
| 61 |
die |
|
|
| 62 |
kill |
|
|
| 63 |
swim |
|
|
| 64 |
fly (v.) |
|
|
| 65 |
go |
|
|
| 66 |
come |
|
|
| 67 |
lie |
|
|
| 68 |
sit |
|
|
| 69 |
stand |
|
|
| 70 |
give |
|
|
| 71 |
|
|
|
| 72 |
|
|
|
| 73 |
moon |
|
|
| 74 |
star |
|
|
| 75 |
water |
|
|
| 76 |
rain |
|
|
| 77 |
stone |
|
|
| 78 |
sand |
|
|
| 79 |
land |
|
|
| 80 |
cloud |
|
|
| 81 |
smoke |
|
|
| 82 |
fire |
|
|
| 83 |
ashes |
|
|
| 84 |
burn |
|
|
| 85 |
path |
|
|
| 86 |
mountain |
|
|
| 87 |
red |
|
|
| 88 |
green |
|
|
| 89 |
yellow |
|
|
| 90 |
white |
|
|
| 91 |
black |
|
|
| 92 |
night |
|
|
| 93 |
warm |
|
|
| 94 |
cold |
|
|
| 95 |
full |
|
|
| 96 |
new |
|
|
| 97 |
good |
|
|
| 98 |
round |
|
|
| 99 |
dry |
|
|
| 100 |
name |
|
|