Rinapri
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In the fantasy world of Grundet, Rinapri is the ancestor of modern South-West-Herookuan languages such as Rinap and Aoma. Name Rinapri comes from Rilaxii Napetii Rinhikhyriöri meaning ancestral language of our ancestors.
Background
The language derives from an antediluvian parent language Öiniomma (not heard since only read without true understanding) which was spoken in Golden Islet of Herooku during the first and second eras until being spread to neighboring lands by Goldhearts. The influences of other languages lead to the eventual formation of Rinapri in late second era and the third era, but during Grundet's millennial history, its dialects slowly separated into the South-West-Herookuan languages.
Phonology
As reconstructed by Tahokhe ni-Peike, scholar of linguistics at the Academy of Golden Islet (kny Fedoret kär Lahör).
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /*m/ | nn /*n/ | nj /*ɲ/ | ng /*ŋ/ | |||||
| Plosive | p /*p/ b /*b/ | t /*t/ d /*d/ | k /*k/ g /*g/ | c /*q/ q /*ɢ/ | |||||
| Fricative | f /*f/ v /*v/ | th /*θ/ ... dh /*ð/ | s /*s/ z /*z/ | sh /*ʃ/ .... zh /*ʒ/ | kh /*x/ ... gh /*ɣ/ | ch /*χ/ | h /*h/ | ||
| Affricate | ts /*t͡s/ ... dz /*d͡z/ | tsh /*t͡ʃ/ ... dzh /*d͡ʒ/ | kkh /*kx/ ggh /*gɣ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | j /*j/ | ||||||||
| Trill | r /*r/ | rh /*ʀ/ | |||||||
| Lateral | pl /*pˡ/ ... bl /*bˡ/ | tl /*tˡ/ ..... dl /*dˡ/ | l /*l/ sl /*ɬ/ | kl /*kˡ/ .... gl /*gˡ/ |
In Aoma:
- noun plural suffix *ɬ → ɔl, *ʊf and eʃ
- accusative: *χ → *kx → ɔks, *ʊs, ɪk
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /*i/ in /*ĩ/ | ú /*ɨ/ ún /*ɨ̃ / | u /*u/ un /*ũ/ |
| Near-Close | /*ɪ/ | /*ʊ/ | |
| Open-mid | e /*ɛ/ en /*ɛ̃ / ë /*œ/ | a /*ʌ/ an /*ʌ̃ / o /*ɔ/ | |
| Near-open | /*ɐ/ |
Orthography
The original writing system of Rinapri was a mostly logographic yet partly syllabic as it has survived to modern Doslox of Rinap. However, best examples of written Rinapri have survived in hexagonal script later developed in the western region. Hexagonal script was engraved onto the walls of coast temples and on clay tablets with metallic hexagon stamps and a flat-headed stylus to distinguish the graphemes.
Swadesh
| No | English | Rinapri | Aoma | Rinap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | *pan | wa(n)a | pa |
| 2 | thou (SG) | *phë | foo | phe |
| 3 | he/she/it | *tshú/*tshi | shy/zu/xi | thy/thi/do |
| 4 | we | *bon | boo | phoo |
| 5 | you (PL) | *bhëd | vot | peooh |
| 6 | they | *tho | sot | thoo |
| 7 | this | *khúa | cy | kwa |
| 8 | that | *khun | cu | kno |
| 9 | here | *gleu | kyxu | gewa |
| 10 | there | *klë | cuxu | kweo |
| 11 | who | *zhoú | zoo gy | zohi |
| 12 | what | *zho | zoo | zowa |
| 13 | where | *zhok | zoxu | zoze |
| 14 | when | *zhan | zax | zoang |
| 15 | how | *zh | zurre | zouk |
| 16 | not | *thë | sö | öwe |
| 17 | all | *rhan | rromare | rom |
| 18 | many | *slosl | joshi | hoxi |
| 19 | some | *sla | jasi | axi |
| 20 | few | *hë | osi | öper |
| 21 | other | * | soda | |
| 22 | one | *bhúa | ibani | wah |
| 23 | two | *nno | noris | noh |
| 24 | three | *gghan | conis | kram |
| 25 | four | *cav | toris | akta |
| 26 | five | *sav | fonis | sapa |
| 27 | big | *ëk | eke | hoke |
| 28 | long | pare | rilia | |
| 29 | wide | buwema | ||
| 30 | thick | gare | hoga | |
| 31 | heavy | kelare | gaho | |
| 32 | small | ope | okku | |
| 33 | short | kenire | oru | |
| 34 | narrow | ricire | ||
| 35 | thin | ricire | oha | |
| 36 | woman | henu | nidi | |
| 37 | man (male) | tymy | mub | |
| 38 | man (human) | gy | ke | |
| 39 | child | puu | zyf | |
| 40 | wife | henuu | pändi | |
| 41 | husband | tymyy | pumeb | |
| 42 | mother | binu | rindi | |
| 43 | father | kumy | rumud | |
| 44 | animal | diuzu | dozmur | |
| 45 | fish | moi | oimo | |
| 46 | bird | nemu | emi | |
| 47 | dog | kakky | ogyr | |
| 48 | louse | neki | ||
| 49 | snake | orshu | rohon | |
| 50 | worm | orshi | ||
| 51 | tree | kuutu | khea | |
| 52 | forest | kuutivoo | bekha | |
| 53 | stick (wood) | laki | ||
| 54 | fruit | pashu | bathu | |
| 55 | seed | hapy | fök | |
| 56 | leaf | engi | thagek | |
| 57 | root | gunnu | ökhyn | |
| 58 | bark (tree) | voku | khon | |
| 59 | flower | navu | moide | |
| 60 | grass | saku | ||
| 61 | rope | ringi | ||
| 62 | skin | tehi | thoe | |
| 63 | meat | toky | dogut | |
| 64 | blood | kiza | gelote | |
| 65 | bone | xorri | xom | |
| 66 | fat | gomu | goho | |
| 67 | egg | teku | thege | |
| 68 | horn | guku | knuam | |
| 69 | tail | ringi | ribu | |
| 70 | feather | penni | pat | |
| 71 | hair | nutu | snatu | |
| 72 | head | ahu | dheko | |
| 73 | ear | jemy | yma | |
| 74 | eye | ebu | dokra | |
| 75 | nose | umy | sauma | |
| 76 | mouth | tushu | thursa | |
| 77 | tooth | tauki | tuwak | |
| 78 | tongue | vopu | neput | |
| 79 | fingernail | maki | manu | |
| 80 | foot | raki | brak | |
| 81 | leg | lotu | blon | |
| 82 | knee | loxy | boxe | |
| 83 | hand | pämy | sapam | |
| 84 | wing | penny | pemo | |
| 85 | belly | mukeru | morp | |
| 86 | guts | kemuuky | ||
| 87 | neck | piti | ||
| 88 | back | feeny | zyphet | |
| 89 | breast | pecu | begy | |
| 90 | heart | geshu | gen | |
| 91 | liver | mory | ||
| 92 | to drink | mellu | mil | |
| 93 | to eat | sum | mus | |
| 94 | to bite | torrro | tum | |
| 95 | to suck | falem | ||
| 96 | to spit | pullu | ||
| 97 | to vomit | höpym | ||
| 98 | to blow (wind) | ennihes | ||
| 99 | to breathe | muhes | mopsae | |
| 100 | to laugh | efim | ehan | |
| 101 | to see | tolla | doi | |
| 102 | to hear | ejom | nyo | |
| 103 | to know | lehes | ledu | |
| 104 | to think | gamma | dhemu | |
| 105 | to smell | sunnu | san | |
| 106 | to fear | tohes | öfon | |
| 107 | to sleep | zinnu | siu | |
| 108 | to live | gesse | geny | |
| 109 | to die | tösse | tläsu | |
| 110 | to kill | tössa | thärö | |
| 111 | to fight | töites | thöz | |
| 112 | to hunt | diotes | doz | |
| 113 | to hit | ötohes | ||
| 114 | to cut | nguhes | nubeot | |
| 115 | to split | megelle | ||
| 116 | to stab | ngutes | ||
| 117 | to scratch | makes | ||
| 118 | to dig | xom | xoko | |
| 119 | to swim | ommo | momi | |
| 120 | to fly | penne | pemoz | |
| 121 | to walk | lette | bela | |
| 122 | to come | solle | zue | |
| 123 | to lie (be) | kelle | nesif | |
| 124 | to sit | zam | zapu | |
| 125 | to stand | sumenne | nefra | |
| 126 | to turn | nesse | ||
| 127 | to fall | öhes | ||
| 128 | to give | pekko | bek | |
| 129 | to hold | bonekeem | ||
| 130 | to squeeze | ricisse | ||
| 131 | to rub | ngahes | ||
| 132 | to wash | cemma | xami | |
| 133 | to wipe | kimme | ||
| 134 | to pull | jokem | ||
| 135 | to push | jokko | ||
| 136 | to throw | kettu | ||
| 137 | to tie | surrre | ||
| 138 | to sew | sukke | ||
| 139 | to count | rausse | ||
| 140 | to say | pim | epei | |
| 141 | to sing | vomuhes | mophui | |
| 142 | to play | sholle | yswa | |
| 143 | to float | buommom | ||
| 144 | to flow | bömme | sobemi | |
| 145 | to freeze | ocyrrre | ||
| 146 | to swell | zäkes | ||
| 147 | sun | halla | halla | |
| 148 | moon | him | him | |
| 149 | star | cala | hewokt | |
| 150 | water | mila | ||
| 151 | to rain | mille | ||
| 152 | river | pomili | bemi | |
| 153 | lake | faminnu | moih | |
| 154 | sea | mili | mihtoa | |
| 155 | salt | semi | simi | |
| 156 | stone | keku | kneka | |
| 157 | sand | heki | aheri | |
| 158 | dust | sihesh | ||
| 159 | earth (soil) | keli | kelu | |
| 160 | cloud | ennu | zawa | |
| 161 | fog | ojy | ||
| 162 | sky | keva | heza | |
| 163 | wind | enni | thapea | |
| 164 | snow | puhivo | okki | |
| 165 | ice | omiki | okkis | |
| 166 | smoke | zinty | sinu | |
| 167 | fire | nirra | nyrak | |
| 168 | ashes | hofi | fanyk | |
| 169 | to burn (INTR) | nirrre | nobe | |
| 170 | road | pakku | beak | |
| 171 | mountain | geedy | kehent | |
| 172 | red | kelari | gelo | |
| 173 | green | ennari | geka | |
| 174 | yellow | geshari | home | |
| 175 | white | iwari | hwa | |
| 176 | black | önari | föni | |
| 177 | night | öhaly | öfinox | |
| 178 | day | hala | halox | |
| 179 | year | jeela | yela | |
| 180 | warm | nirrire | niera | |
| 181 | cold | milare | oktu | |
| 182 | full | rrosi | rohet | |
| 183 | new | mose | wao | |
| 184 | old | rimire | orni | |
| 185 | good | ire | haro | |
| 186 | bad | nöre | ofe | |
| 187 | rotten | ovoki | ||
| 188 | dirty | tevire | häfo | |
| 189 | straight | riciri | ||
| 190 | round | nesure | nere | |
| 191 | sharp | hakkure | nuhe | |
| 192 | dull | pyre | ||
| 193 | smooth | moi | ||
| 194 | wet | milyre | mirnu | |
| 195 | dry | here | hira | |
| 196 | right | caxari | haxa | |
| 197 | near | ken | gevon | |
| 198 | far | kux | kefeh | |
| 199 | right (side) | duca | denno | |
| 200 | left (side) | odoca | klauta | |
| 201 | at | ka | veo | |
| 202 | in | wat | mo | |
| 203 | with (s.o.) | sa | hue | |
| 204 | and | i | ji | |
| 205 | if | (EVE mood) | sej | |
| 206 | because | ros | sihat | |
| 207 | name | nippu | peneh |