Kyrdan Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Kyrdan and its main descendants. This particular list is based on a 207 word list, although not all original words are present, because Kyrdan speakers were not familiar with some of these terms or concepts and thus their languages lack words for them. Some words were replaced with terminology, familiar to Kyrdan speakers (for example: 56 “leaf” or 57 “root” were replaced with “microbial mat” and “origin”), while other words were simply left out.

No.	English	Proto-Kyrdan	Kirtumur	Kērsalur	Cirdamur
1	I	*qa-	ha-	ha-	a-
2	you (singular)	*ā-	ō-	ā-	ā-
3	he	–	i-	yi-/ye-	xi-
7	this	–	yi-	yu-	i-
8	that	*da	ta	ta	da
9	here	–	niyum	yaim	xai
10	there	*da-im?	tam	taim	dai
11	who	*gʷar~kʷar	khar	khwar	gar
12	what	*war	war	war	yar
13	where	–	kei	war neamasa	yarcēm
14	when	*kʷim~kʷiŋ	khim	kwhim	giŋ
15	how	*kōn	khōn	khōn	kōn
16	not	*ma~mi	ma~mi	mi	ma
17	all	*andu	antu	antu	andu
18	many	*eřku-n	erku	iškun	esku
19	some	*za-lë-n	za	zalen	sale
20	few	*gelki-n	kelka	kelkan	gelki
21	other	*tāt	thōt	thāt	tāt
22	one	*ig ŋiq	ik	ik	ŋiˀ
23	two	*ʒë-u	cu	cu	se
24	three	*eš-ga	eška	eška	eš
25	four	*pa-ga	phak	phaka	pa
26	five	*ja-ga	yak	yaka	ya
27	big	*wō	wōa	wō	yō
28	long	*ej	*eja	*ei	*ēi
29	wide	*pas	phasa	phas	pas
30	thick	*bag	paka	pak	bak
31	heavy	*qōp *šad-i	hōpa	šat	ōp sadi
32	small	*jēř-i	yera	yer	yēci
33	short	*kyr *ʒin-i	khera	khēr cin	sini
34	narrow	*rap	rapa	rap	rap
35	thin	*pāx *xis-i	xesa	pāx	xiši
36	woman	*eřaŋi *čalmi	ŋiraŋi	meraŋi	salmi
37	man (adult male)	*bëki	ŋirpekhi	mirpekhi	beki
38	man (human being)	*ŋʷiri *kyci	ŋiri	miri	kici
39	child	*nini	nini	nini	nini
40	wife	*qaweřaŋi	hauraŋi	haweraŋi	aicaŋi
41	husband	*qawëbëki	haupekhi	hawepekhi	aibeki
42	mother	*ameřaŋi	ameraŋi	ameraŋi	amecaŋi
43	father	*amabëki	amapekhi	amapekhi	amabeki
44	living creature	*alësi	arri	alesi	atti
52	colony	*ōqař	ōar	ōaš	ōhat
53	pipe	*weq	we	we	yeˀ
55	seed capsule	*zalëši	zarer	zašeš	salex
56	archaea	*ŋipas	ŋephas	ŋephas	ŋipaš
57	origin	*yrim	irim	ērim	irim
58	membrane	*fem	hem	hem	em
60	microbial mat	*lum	lum	akalem	lum
61	rope	*jeiq?	jei	jei	ēˀ
62	skin	*zër	zer	zer	ser
63	flesh	*ryw	rē	rewa	ri
64	blood	*aur *ur	aur	aur	ur
65	bone	*řaqʷas	rōs	šawa	saˀaš
66	body	*jaux	jaux	jaux	jōx
67	egg, cyst	*ŋaus *nāqëm	ŋaus	ŋaus	nāˀem
69	end	*čulpēk	chulpēk	chulpēk	culpēk
70	cover	*ʒap *ŋič	cap	capham	ŋic
71	hair	*qepë	hep	hep	epe
72	head	*fes *tuq	hes	hes	tuˀ
73	ear	*qysul	hisul	hēsul	išul
74	eye	ŋëw-in	ŋiwin	mēn	ŋain
75	nose	*qëmgir	himkir	himkir	emgir
76	mouth	*qʷez	hez	wez	es
77	tooth	*qij *lenxu	linux	hije linux	leˀun
78	tongue (organ)	*feiř	heir	heiš	ēc
79	fingernail	*gʷit-tuŋ	kittuŋ	kwittuŋ	kit
80	foot	*zitiř *aqa-sad	zitir	zitiš	ahasat
81	leg	*cēdëw	chētu	chētu	cēd
82	knee	*ķiq	ki	ki	ciˀ
83	hand	*rim *byr	rim	pēr	rim
84	corner	*bil	pil	pilum	nambil
85	belly	*tāg	thōk	thāk	tāk
86	guts	*jydëm	jitem	jētem	item
87	neck	ķōqʷa
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver	–	mupilnu jitem	mupilnu jētem	sipildamnu idem
92	to drink
93	to eat
94	to bite
95	to suck inhale
96	to spit exhale
97	to vomit	–	utitem aneca
98	to blow		intu ceiya
99	to breathe		ceiya
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know
104	to think
105	to smell
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die		kala
110	to kill		tō kala
111	to fight
112	to chase
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie (as in a bed)
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn (intransitive)
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water	*wa	wa	wa	ya
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	to burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white		ē
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp (as a knife)
192	dull (as a knife)
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in		ni-	ni-
203	with	*-da?	-ta
204	and	–	ō	kwa	ŋa
205	if		lē-
206	because	*mu	mu-	mu	mu-
207	name	*ķal	kal	kal	cal