Contionary:ⲁⲃⲁϩ

Maryan Coptic

Etymology

Inherited from Hebrew עבד (avad).

• Estimated pronunciation evolution:
  • (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
  • (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
  • (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
  • (Late Egyptian, c. 800 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaʕ/
  • (Early Demotic, c. 450 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaʕ/
  • (Late Demotic / Old Maryan, c. 100 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaħ/

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA: /aˈβah/, [äˈβäh]
• (Nahlic) IPA: [æ̈ˈvæç]
• (Cholevic) IPA: [ɐˈβɐh]
• (Thebian) IPA: [aˈβaħ]

Verb

ⲁⲃⲁϩ (abah) int.

1. to work, to function

   ⲙⲏ ⲉⲕⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ?

   Me ekime ce entefabah?

   Do you know if it's working?

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲁⲃⲁϩ
infinitive		ⲉ̀ⲁⲃⲁϩ	negative infinitive		ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
imperative		ⲁⲃⲁϩ	negative imperative		ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲣⲁⲃⲁϩ
		singular					plural
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
present	simple present	ϯⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	relative	ⲉϯⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲕⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
	conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	relative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉϥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲛⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
jussive, causative	jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲙⲁⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲑⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative causative	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
limitative, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ϣⲁⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
	expectative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ