User:Ceige/PIElist

Sound changes

Vowel Outcomes

PIE	Xárəykə	Old-Whatevs	New-Whatevs
ey	áy	e > [e]	[é]
oy	ày	ae > [E]	[è]
ew	áw	eo > [ʌ]	[ó]
ow	àw	o > [o]	[ò]
i	əy	i > [i]	[i]
u	əw	u > [u]	[u~ɯ]
e, o	á, à	a > [a]	[á, à]
Ø	ə	Ø, eu [ə~ɯ]	[ə~ɯ]
VHy	Vhi	Vi	[_i]
Vhu	Vhu	Vu	[_u]

Consonant Outcomes

PIE	Xárəykə	Old-Whatevs	New-Whatevs
p	pʰ	pʰ_́	pʰ_́
t	tʰ	tʰ_́	tʰ_́
k	kʰ	kʰ_́	kʰ_́
kʷ	kʷʰ	kʷʰ_́	k(w)ʰ_́
s	tʰi	tsʰ_́	tsʰ_́ > chʰ_́
ḱ	kʰi	chʰ, kyʰ	chʰ_́, kyʰ_́, kʰ_́	Chalked down to microdialectal variation
bh	b	bʰ	pʰ_̀ ~ VbV
dh	d	dʰ	tʰ_̀ ~ VbV
gh	g	gʰ	kʰ_̀ ~ VbV
gʷh	g	gʷʰ	k(w)ʰ_̀ ~ Vg(w)V
ǵh	gi	jʰ	chʰ_̀, kyʰ_̀, kʰ_̀ ~ VjV, VgyV, VgV	Microdialectal variation
b	pº, mRV	p	[b]_́ ~ VppV
d	tº	t	[d]_́ ~ VttV
g	kº	k	[g]_́ ~ VkkV
gʷ	kʷº	kʷ	[g(ʷ)]_́ ~ Vkk(w)V
ǵ	kºi	ch	j_́, gy_́, k_́ ~ VcchV, VkkyV, VkkV	Microdialectal variation
h₁	hi	s	s, Vs~zV
h₂	h	h	h
h₃	hw	hw	hw~f, Vw~uV	Sometimes hw/f is perserved medially
h₂i	həi	hi	hy, Vy~iV	Sometimes hy/y is preserved medially
m	m	m	m	Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
n	n	n	n	Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
y	y	y	y
w	w	w	w
wi	w(ə)y	~y?	~i~y?
r, l	r, l	r~l	l, VrV