| PIE |
Xárəykə |
Old-Whatevs |
New-Whatevs |
|
| p |
pʰ |
pʰ_́ |
pʰ_́ |
|
| t |
tʰ |
tʰ_́ |
tʰ_́ |
|
| k |
kʰ |
kʰ_́ |
kʰ_́ |
|
| kʷ |
kʷʰ |
kʷʰ_́ |
k(w)ʰ_́ |
|
| s |
tʰi |
tsʰ_́ |
tsʰ_́ > chʰ_́ |
|
| ḱ |
kʰi |
chʰ, kyʰ |
chʰ_́, kyʰ_́, kʰ_́ |
Chalked down to microdialectal variation
|
| bh |
b |
bʰ |
pʰ_̀ ~ VbV |
|
| dh |
d |
dʰ |
tʰ_̀ ~ VbV |
|
| gh |
g |
gʰ |
kʰ_̀ ~ VbV |
|
| gʷh |
g |
gʷʰ |
k(w)ʰ_̀ ~ Vg(w)V |
|
| ǵh |
gi |
jʰ |
chʰ_̀, kyʰ_̀, kʰ_̀ ~ VjV, VgyV, VgV |
Microdialectal variation
|
| b |
pº, mRV |
p |
[b]_́ ~ VppV |
|
| d |
tº |
t |
[d]_́ ~ VttV |
|
| g |
kº |
k |
[g]_́ ~ VkkV |
|
| gʷ |
kʷº |
kʷ |
[g(ʷ)]_́ ~ Vkk(w)V |
|
| ǵ |
kºi |
ch |
j_́, gy_́, k_́ ~ VcchV, VkkyV, VkkV |
Microdialectal variation
|
| h₁ |
hi |
s |
s, Vs~zV |
|
| h₂ |
h |
h |
h |
|
| h₃ |
hw |
hw |
hw~f, Vw~uV |
Sometimes hw/f is perserved medially
|
| h₂i |
həi |
hi |
hy, Vy~iV |
Sometimes hy/y is preserved medially
|
| m |
m |
m |
m |
Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
|
| n |
n |
n |
n |
Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
|
| y |
y |
y |
y |
|
| w |
w |
w |
w |
|
| wi |
w(ə)y |
~y? |
~i~y? |
|
| r, l |
r, l |
r~l |
l, VrV |
|