Cmanc

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cmanc
ϕmanϕ
Pronunciation: /ɑ.'ma.nɑ/
Spoken in: Anywhere
Region: Anyplace
Total speakers: None
Ranking: Dead last
Language family: Language isolate
Writing system: cmanc script
Official status
Official language in: No official status
Regulated by: unregulated
Language codes
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2
SIL
See also: Language – Lists of languages

Everyone should learn this lang :D

More info on: https://howlingwolfriend.neocities.org/lang

Phonology

Vowels
Vowels Front Central Back
Close
/i/
/y/
/ɯ/
/u/
Close-Mid
/e/
/o/
Mid
/ə/
Open-Mid
/ɛ/
/ɔ/
Open
/a/
/ɑ/
Consonants
Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal
/m/
/n/
/ɲ/
Plosive
/b/
/t/
/d/
/k/
/g/
Fricative
/f/
/s/
/z/
/ʃ/
/h/
Affricate
/tʃ/
/dʒ/
Approximant
/j/
/w/
Lateral Approximant
/l/

Orthography

Consonants
Character Romanization Sound
ρ
b
/b/
τ
t
/t/
ϧ
d
/d/
κ
k
/k/
gγ
g
/g/
n
n
/n/
nγ
nj
/ɲ/
m
m
/m/
τγ
tjc
/t͡ʃ/
ϧγ
dj
/d͡ʒ/
ϝ
f
/f/
s
s
/s/
ϱ
z
/z/
ϩ
sj
/ʃ/
ϥ
h
/h/
y
j
/j/
v
w
/w/
ι
l
/l/
Vowels
Character Romanization Sound
ı
i
/i/
η
ie
/y/
μ
uo
/ɯ/
u
u
/u/
e
e
/e/
o
o
/o/
ω
x
/ə/
ε
ea
/ɛ/
ϰ
oc
/ɔ/
a
a
/a/
ϕ
c
/ɑ/
Finals
Character Romanization Sound Note
-e
-e
/j/
except i/ı and ie/η
eı
ei
/ej/
-o
-o
/w/
 except u and uo/μ
ou
ou
/ow/
-κκ
-kh
/k/
-n
-n
/n/
-m
-m
/m/
-τγ
-th
/t͡ʃ/
-ϧγ
-dh
/d͡ʒ/
-ϝ
-f
/f/
-s
-s
/s/
-ϱ
-z
/z/
-ϩ
-sh
/ʃ/
-ϥ
-h
/h/

Phonotactics

The table below displays the syllables that change depending on a specific condition, or at all times.

Phonotactics
Syllable Change Condition
τı/ti
τγı/tji
None
ϧı/di
ϧγı/dji
None
vu/wu /wu/
vu/wu /u:/
None
vμ/wuo /wɯ/
vμ/wuo /ɯ:/
None
yı/yi /ji/
yı/yi /i:/
None
yη/yie /jy/
yη/yie /y:/
None

Syntax

Syllable Structure

The first syllable of the word (onset) has the structure of: (C)V(F), where (C) is the optional consonant, (F) is the optional final and V is the mandatory vowel. Every other syllable of the word follows the structure of: CV(F), where C is the mandatory consonant, V is the mandatory vowel and (F) is the optional final.

Word Order

Word order is fluid. Any order is accepted, and using different word orders is an useful literary feature.

Stress

Just like the word order, stress is also fluid. This language was developed with a presumed stress on the penultimate syllable, and this is the default stress without any markers. But any stress position is accepted and the marker ' can be used to move the stress to the proceding syllable. Also an useful literary feature.

Nouns

Every noun needs to follow and be contained within one of the categories below, determined by the vowel of the last syllable.

Classes

  • Objects, Elements: -u
  • Instruments, Vehicles: -μ
  • Fluids: -o
  • Natural Phenomena: -ϰ
  • Life, Living beings: -a
  • Social, Dialogue: -ϕ
  • Time: -ω
  • Abstract, Ideas: -ı
  • Collectives, Plurals: -e
  • Parts, Components: -ε

Cases

Additionally, any noun can be inflected in case by using a specific final character at the last syllable of the noun.

Noun Cases
Case Final Indicates
Absolutive Case
none
Intransitive Subject
Transitive Object
Ditransitive Indirect Object
Ergative Case
-s
Transitive Subject
Dative Case
-ϝ
Ditransitive Direct Object
Genitive Case
-ϱ
Inalienable Possessor
Possessive Case
-m
Alienable Possessor
Originative Case
-τγ
Origin
Material
Lative Case
-ϧγ
Direction Target
Motion Target
Comitative Case
-o
Company
Assistance
Evidential Case
-ϩ
Witness
Locative Case
-n
Location

Adjectives

Adjectives have the last syllable with "η/ie" as the vowel. Adjectives also have cases, which is represented by the final used at the last syllable.

Adjective Cases
Case Final Indicates
Prepositive Case
none
Modifies the Proceding Noun
Postpositive Case
-s
Modifies the Preceding Noun
Adverbial Case
-τγ
Adverbs
Subjective Case
-m
Opinions
Superlative Case
-ϧγ
Comparisons with 3+ Entities
Comparative Case
-ϱ
Comparisons with 2 Entities

Verbs

The base form of verbs have a final "-κκ/-kh". Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb.

Forms

Verbal forms don't accept other modifiers and are used standalone.

Infinitive Form

The base form of the verb (ends in "-κκ/-kh"). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done.

Participle Form

Terminates in "-κκnη/-khnie". Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle.

Agentive Form

Terminates in "-κκmμ/-khmuo". Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English.

Moods (consonant)

Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after "-κκ/-kh".

Indicative Mood

Uses the consonant "n". Represents an action that happens in reality.

Inferential Mood

Uses the consonant "ϝ/f". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain.

Imperative Mood

Uses the consonant "ϧγ/dj". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood.

Jussive Mood

Uses the consonant "ϧ/d". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb.

Potential Mood

Uses the consonant "m". Represents an event that is likely in the opinion of the speaker.

Presumptive Mood

Uses the consonant "ϩ/sj". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker.

Optative Mood

Uses the consonant "y". Represents a wish or desire of the speaker.

Epistemic Mood

Uses the consonant "v/w". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker.

Voice (vowel)

Verbal voice is represented by the vowel of the modifier syllable.

Active Voice

Uses the vowel "a". In this voice there is the presence of the subject and the object.

Antipassive Voice

Uses the vowel "ε/ea". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive.

Impersonal Voice

Uses the vowel "ϰ/oc". In this voice the subject is not present.

Aspect (final)

Verbal aspect is represented by the final of the modifier syllable.

Continuous Aspect

Used by not having any finals on the modifier syllable. Indicates that the event is ongoing at some point in time.

Perfective Aspect

Uses the final "-e". Indicates that the event has finished at some point in time.

Momentane Aspect

Uses the final "-s". Similar to the perfective aspect, but the event has only happened once.

Habitual Aspect

Uses the final "-κκ/-kh". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition.

Stative Aspect

Uses the final "-o". Indicates an affirmation that is true permanently or for a long time without changing.

Iterative Aspect

Uses the final "-τγ/-th". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row.

Particles

Connective Particles

  • Particle of Addition (and): κı /ʔkiʔ/
  • Particle of Opposition (but, yet): ϧγı /ʔʒiʔ/
  • Particle of Alternance (or): ϕ /ʔɑʔ/
  • Particle of Causality (for, because): yıκκ /ʔi:kʔ/
  • Particle of Consequence (so, thus): μκκ /ʔɯkʔ/
  • Particle of Purpose (in order to): aκκ /ʔakʔ/
  • Particle of Substitution (instead): vı /ʔwiʔ/
  • Particle of Similarity (similar to): ϱı /ʔziʔ/

Attributive Particles

  • Particle of Attribution (N1 is N2): η /yʔ/
  • Particle of Existance (N exists): u /uʔ/
  • Particle of Utility (using N): μ /ɯʔ/
  • Particle of Negation (not N): ϰ /ɔʔ/

Example texts

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