Ris

πρανάσση, ἄι ουαθά πανἂννη!

pranássē, hai ouathá panā́nnē!

Remember: You walk with your feet!

Ris
Rhánzi ris
Pronunciation	[/ˈ/]
Created by	–
Native to	Italy, Cyprus; Sicily
Native speakers	301,486 (2012)
Language family	Menmer languages Ris
Early form	Proto-Men
Language codes
ISO 639-1	ri
ISO 639-2	ri
ISO 639-3	qhr

Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the Greek language; my greatest influence no matter the language.

The language is a language isolate, and is thus not known to be related to any extant language. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of allophony. It is a fusional language and is morphosyntactically active-stative and with a fluid subject. The morphology is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections.

Background

The Ris language, ῤάνζι ρις, is a constructed language, but does have a fictional background set in the real world.

Phonology and orthography

Consonants

The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants.

Ris consonants

Consonants
		Bilabial	Denti-alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	whispered
Nasals	plain	m /m/	n /n/			[ŋ]
Plosives	aspirated	ph /pʰ/	th /tʰ/			kh /kʰ/	[ʔ]
	unvoiced	p /p/	t /t/			k /k/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Fricatives	unvoiced			s /s͎/	h /ç ~ x ~ h/
	voiced		z /d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/		[ʝ]
Trills	aspirated			r /r̥ʰ/
	voiced			r /r/
Approximants		ou /w/
Laterals				l /l ~ ʎ/

Consonant allophony

Allophony is common to many consonants, and sandhi forces them to be realised different in different environments.

The glottal fricative

The phoneme /h/, the so called glottal fricative, is in free variation with the unvoiced palatal fricative /ç/ as well as the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.

ἒτρο
hétro
/ˈhɛtrɔ/	=	/ˈxɛtrɔ/	=	/ˈçɛtrɔ/
normal, okay

The velar fricative is the most common one, but the phones are all affected by palatalisation from front vowels, producing the palatal fricative [ç].

ὒο				ἢστιμι
hýo				hḗstimi
/ˈhʏ̩.ɔ/	→	[ˈçʏ̩.ɔ]		/ˈheːs͎tɪmɪ/	→	[ˈçeːs͎tɪmɪ]
to leave .ind.m.				pride .f

Voicedness

Some phonemes are susceptible to voicedness sandhi. These are the sibilants and the voiced lateral approximant /l/. When preceded by a phoneme differing in voicedness, the above mentioned phonemes assimilate.

hlá				gyáng-sóm				átzi?				méngshi
/ˈçlæ/	→	/ˈçɬæ/		/ˈgʝæŋgsəm/	→	/ˈgʝæŋgzəm/		/ˈætzɪ/	→	/ˈætsɪ/		/ˈmiŋɡs̺ʰɪ/	→	/ˈmiŋɡz̺ʱɪ/
good; well; happy				to say.subj-you.1.p.pl.acc.inf				now.int				to dance.subj.caus

The voicedness assimilation is included in broad transcriptions, as such, it is enclosed by slashes, //.

Vowels

There are 10 vowel phonemes in the Hrasic language. In addition to these, the open mid-back unrounded vowel, /ʌ/, is an allophone of /ɑ/.

Hrasú vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	é /i/		í /ɨ/		ú /ɯ/
Near-close		i /ɪ/		u /ʊ/
Close-mid
Mid			e /ə/
Open-mid			ó /ɞ/		a /ʌ/ · o /ɔ/
Near-open	á /æ/
Open					a /ɑ/

Morphology

Nominal

Declension

Declension of gýtē

Animate marked collective
ma.an	gýtē - fish
	singulative	dual-collective	plurative
Patientive	gýtē	gytḗn	gytḗr
Agentive	gytḗr	gytḗrne	gytḗra
Dative	gytḗs	gytḗnse	gytḗi
Instrumental	gytḗn	gytḗnne	gytḗs
Genitive	gýtēa	gýtēan	gytēái
Locative	gýtēia	gýtēian	gýtēiar
Vocative	gýta	gýtan	gytár

Samples

• thýo hā́ katḗrrazas
• tḗ rhánzatha
• gytḗra ouārathí ērikí
• inḗ gýtē mna.
• Atḗ, inḗ gytḗn ~ Atḗ, inḗ gýtē ne!