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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =
|creator = User:Iancgil
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:iancgil|iancgil]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|setting =
|nativename = Ináwah
|nativename = '''Ináwah''
|pronunciation=ʔi.ˈná.wah
|pronunciation=[ʔi.ˈná.wah]
|familycolor=conlang
|region =
|fam1= Proto-'Ináwah
|familycolor=
|scripts=* Tlatá Logography
|fam1=  
|fam2=
|fam3=
|famr= 'Ináwah
|iso3=
|script=Tlatá Logography
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


=Introduction=
'Ináwah {{IPA|[ʔi.ˈná.wah]}} is the language spoken by the people of 'Iná, the 'Inábe. It is an agglutinative tonal language inspired largely by the indigenous languages of the Americas such as Sioux, Navajo, Cherokee, Mohowk, Apache, and Mayan.
=Phonology=
=Phonology=
==Consonants==
==Consonants==
<table border='1' bgcolor='#efefef'>
 
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'></th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Bilabial</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Dental</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Alveolar</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Post Alveolar</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Palatal</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Velar</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Glottal</th></tr>
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Plosive</th><td align=center> p b</td><td align=center>t d</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td align=center>k g</td><td align=center>ʔ</td></tr>
!colspan="2"|
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Nasal</th><td align=center>m</td><td align=center>n</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
!'''Bilabial'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Fricative</th><td></td><td></td><td align=center>s z</td><td align=center>ʃ</td><td></td><td align=center>ɣ</td><td align=center>h</td></tr>
!'''Dental'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Lateral Fricative</th><td></td><td align=center>ɬ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
!'''Alveolar'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Approximant</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td align=center>j</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
!'''Post Alveolar'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Lateral Approximant</th><td></td><td align=center>l</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
!'''Palatal'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Affricate</th><td></td><td align=center>tɬ dɮ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
!'''Velar'''
</table>
!'''Glottal'''
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!voicless
|'''p''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|<b>'</b> /ʔ/
|-
!voiced
|'''b''' /b/
|'''d''' /d/
|
|
|
|'''g''' /g/
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|'''n''' /n/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
!voiceless
|
|
|'''s''' /s/
|'''sh''' /ʃ/
|
|
|'''h''' /h/
|-
!voiced
|
|
|'''z''' /z/
|
|
|'''gh''' /ɣ/
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Fricative'''
|
|'''lh''' /ɬ/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|'''y''' /j/
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
|
|
|'''l''' /l/
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate'''
!voiceless
|
|
|'''tl''' /tɬ/
|
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
|
|
|'''dl''' /dɮ/
|
|
|
|
|}


==Vowels==
==Vowels==
<table border='1' bgcolor='#efefef'>
 
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'></th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Front</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Back</th><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Diphthongs</th></tr>
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Close</th><td align=center>i</td><td align=center>u</td>><td align=center>uj</td></tr>
!'''''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Close-Mid</th><td align=center>e</td><td align=center></td>><td align=center>ej</td></tr>
!'''Front'''
<tr><th bgcolor='#cccccc'>Open</th><td align=center>a</td><td align=center></td>><td align=center>aj</td></tr>
!'''Back'''
</table>
!'''Diphthongs'''
|-
!'''Close'''
|'''i''' /i/
|'''u''' /u/
|'''uy''' /uj/
|-
!'''Close-Mid'''
|'''e''' /e/
|
|'''ey''' /ej/
|-
!'''Open'''
|'''a''' /a/
|
|'''ay''' /aj/
|}


==Tones==
==Tones==
'Ináwah technically only has two tones (high and neutral), but adjacent, identical vowels with contrasting tones may produce rising or falling tones with long vowel length in lax speech. A high tone is the marked tone and is denoted in romanization by an acute acent above the vowel and by a bar in native orthography.
'Ináwah technically only has two tones (high and neutral), but adjacent, identical vowels with contrasting tones may produce rising or falling tones with long vowel length in lax speech. A high tone is the marked tone and is denoted in romanization by an acute acent.<br><br>
''Examples:''<br>
niʔí > nǐː<br>
nasúʔubá > nasûːubá


==Phonotactics==
==Phonotactics==
===Allowed Syllables===
===Allowed Syllables===
*CV(h,j)
*CV(h,j)
*ʕ(syllabic nasal)
*ʔ(syllabic nasal)


===Phonological Rules===
===Phonological Rules===
*nasal > ʕ + syllabic / $_$
*nasal > ʔ + syllabic / $_$
*j > i / V_$
*j > i / V_$
*g > ɣ / V$_
*g > ɣ / V$_


===Syllable Stress===
===Stress===
*High tones always get primary stress.
*High tones always get primary stress.
*If there is a word with all identical tones, the ultimate syllable receives primary stress.
*If there is a word with all identical tones, the ultimate syllable receives primary stress.
*In the event that there are varying tones, the last high tone receives the primary stress.
*In the event that there are varying tones, the last high tone receives the primary stress.
=Orthography=
The main orthography of 'Ináwah is the Tlatá logography, but later 'Inábe created and used the Súdu syllabary often along with Tlatá.
==Tlatá Logography==
The [https://linguifex.com/wiki/Tlat%C3%A1_Logography Tlatá Logography] is the primary writing system used for 'Ináwah.
==Súdu Syllabary==
=Morphology=
==Verbs==
Verbs play a large role in 'Ináwah and can often compose the entire sentence.They are marked for negation, person, number, tense, and mood/mode.
===Structure of the Verb===
(negation) + (nominal prefix) + [stem] + (tense) + (mood)
===Pronominal Prefixes===
Pronominal prefixes are required for all verbs that are not infinitives.
'''First Person'''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singular'''
|pe-
|<b>pe</b>mu
|I walk.
|-
|'''Dual Inclusive'''
|peyé-
|<b>peyé</b>mu
|We both walk.
|-
|'''Dual Exclusive'''
|ipeyé-
|<b>ipeyé</b>mu
|We both walk, but not you.
|-
|'''Plural Inclusive'''
|té-
|<b>té</b>mu
|We all walk.
|-
|'''Plural Exclusive'''
|ité-
|<b>ité</b>mu
|We all walk, but not you
|}
'''Second Person'''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singular'''
|wa-
|<b>wa</b>mu
|You walk.
|-
|'''Dual'''
|wayé-
|<b>wayé</b>mu
|You both walk.
|-
|'''Plural'''
|'iwa-
|<b>iwa</b>mu
|You all walk.
|}
'''Third Person'''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singular'''
|ma-
|<b>ma</b>mu
|He, she, it walks.
|-
|'''Dual'''
|mayé-
|<b>mayé</b>mu
|They both walk.
|-
|'''Plural'''
|'ima-
|<b>ima</b>mu
|They all walk.
|}
===Tense===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tense'''
!'''Suffix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Present'''
|n/a
|pemu
|I walk.
|-
|'''Imperfect'''
| -shú
|pemu<b>shú</b>
|I was walking/I would walk (before).
|-
|'''Simple Past'''
| -she
|pemu<b>she</b>
|I walked/I had walked.
|-
|'''Progressive'''
| -weh
|pemu<b>weh</b>
|I am walking.
|-
|'''Near Future'''
| -hu
|pemu<b>hu</b>
|I am about to walk.
|-
|'''Future'''
| -tlí
|pemu<b>tlí</b>
|I will walk.
|}
===Negation===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Negation'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Simple Negation'''
|ba-
|<b>ba</b>kemu
|I don't walk.
|-
|'''Double Negation'''
|'úba-, ba'úba-, 'úba'úba-, …
|<b>'úba</b>kemu
|I don't not walk.
|-
|'''Reduplication Negation'''
|ba+ba-, …
|<b>baba</b>kemu
|I definitely don't walk.
|}
===Mood and Mode===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Mood/Mode'''
!'''Suffix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Indicative'''
|n/a
|wamu
|You walk.
|-
|'''Interrogative'''
| -su
|wamushe<b>su</b>
|Did you walk?
|-
|'''Imperative'''
| -'alé
|wamu<b>'alé</b>
|You must/should walk. (command)
|-
|'''Jussive'''
| -sú'é
|'imamu<b>sú'é</b>
|They must/should walk. (command)
|-
|'''Potential'''
| -bu
|pemu<b>bu</b>
|I could walk.
|-
|'''Hypothetical'''
| -wi
|wamushe<b>wi</b>
|If you could have walked...
|-
|'''Possibility'''
| -ga
|wamu<b>ga</b>
|You might walk.
|-
|'''Opative'''
| -'ubá
|wamu<b>'ubá</b>
|You want/wish to walk.
|}
==Nouns==
===Structure of the Noun===
(nominal prefix) + [stem] + (derivational morpheme) + (case suffix)
===Case===
'Ináwah noun case is designated solely by syntax. The prenominal prefix attached to the verb is often used as a way to help designate the subject and so there can be some flexibility in word order, but usually only in verse and poetry.
===Pronouns===
'Ináwah pronouns are formed by using pronominal prefixes attached to the noun "be" meaning "person" or "self". If the subject is a pronoun it is omitted since the prenominal prefix attached to the verb is required. In the case that the verb is reflexive, a pronoun will be used and will be understood as the object and not the subject of the sentence.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singlular'''
|pe-
|<b>pe</b>be
|I
|-
|'''Dual Inclusive'''
|peyé-
|<b>peyé</b>be
|We both
|-
|'''Dual Exclusive'''
|ipeyé-
|<b>ipeyé</b>be
|We both, but not you
|-
|'''Plural Inclusive'''
|té-
|<b>té</b>be
|We all
|-
|'''Plural Exclusive'''
|ité-
|<b>ité</b>be
|We all, but not you
|}
====Second Person====
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singular'''
|wa-
|<b>wa</b>be
|You
|-
|'''Dual'''
|wayé-
|<b>wayé</b>be
|You both
|-
|'''Plural'''
|iwa-
|<b>iwa</b>be
|You all
|}
====Third Person====
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Number'''
!'''Prefix'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Singular'''
|ma-
|<b>ma</b>be
|He, she, it
|-
|'''Dual'''
|mayé-
|<b>mayé</b>be
|They both
|-
|'''Plural'''
|ima-
|<b>ima</b>be
|They all
|}
==Postpositions==
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Postposition'''
!''''Ináwah Example'''
!'''English'''
|-
|sa'á
|shali <b>sa'á</b>
|in the dwelling
|-
|'uni
|shali <b>'uni</b>
|outside the dwelling
|-
|té
|shali <b>té</b>
|of the dwelling
|-
|lhú
|wabe <b>lhú</b>
|with you
|-
|se
|shali <b>se</b>
|at the dwelling
|-
|gí
|'éwa <b>gí</b>
|with a hand, by means of a hand
|-
|la
|suné <b>la</b>
|as/like a cat
|-
|hí
|shali <b>hí</b>
|to the dwelling
|}
==Conjunctions==
*nasha - that, so, in order to
*su'í - and
==Interfixes==
=Syntax=
==Word Order==
SOV<br>
==Noun Phrase==
*Noun + Postposition
*Noun + Adjective Phrase
==Verb Phrase==
==Sentence Phrase==
==Dependent Clauses==
=Sample Texts=
Ídu yáwah té masi lahás ma'ú té.<br>
''The knowledge of the Creator is the most noble.''<br>
Shéna wayadú'í'alé nasha kikí wayadú'í.<br>
''You must receive pain to receive benefit.''<br>
[[Category: Languages]][[Category: A priori]][[Category: 'Ináwah]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]
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