Aethêllan: Difference between revisions

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Aethêllan (view source)

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| ey
| ey
| '''eɪ'''
| '''eɪ'''
|-
| ó
| '''əʊː'''
|-
|-
| ôe
| ôe
| '''ɔ:'''
| '''əʊ:'''
|-
|-
| ÿ
| ÿ
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|-
|-
| ŷe
| ŷe
|'''ɪəː'''
|'''iə:'''
|-
|-
| ae
| ae
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|'''əj'''
|'''əj'''
|}
|}


==Vowels==
==Vowels==
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|
|
|  
|  
|
| ɔ (ó)
| ɔ: (*)
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
! style="" |Near-open
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|}
|}


* *See Diphthong Table
 


=Grammar and Syntax=
=Grammar and Syntax=
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*E.g ''donsênanwê'' where the stress is on both ''sên'' and ''wê''.
*E.g ''donsênanwê'' where the stress is on both ''sên'' and ''wê''.
==Grammatical Structure==
All derivational affixes are prefixes, and all other affixes are suffixes excluding the adverbial marker which is an infix for historical linguistic reasons.
In regards to the order of the attaching of suffixes, case takes highest priority, followed by voice, aspect, then agreement, finally followed by any remaining suffixes.
*'''NB''': Adjectives cannot be inflected with comparative and the Gradable suffix at the same time.


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
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==Aspect & Tense==
===Aspect & Tense===






==='''Strong Verbs'''===
===='''Strong Verbs'''====
:These include verbs whose stems end in a plosive or a vowel. See the two examples below.
:These include verbs whose stems end in a plosive or a vowel. See the two examples below.






===='''Strong Verb Class I'''====
======'''Strong Verb Class I'''======
: Aed - Aedar - Aedáth - Aedlen - Aedarh - ''To Rule''
: Aed - Aedar - Aedáth - Aedlen - Aedarh - ''To Rule''


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===='''Strong Verb Class II'''====
======'''Strong Verb Class II'''======
: Edhe - Edhel - Edhey- Edhlar - Edheh - ''To Wield''
: Edhe - Edhel - Edhey- Edhlar - Edheh - ''To Wield''


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==='''Weak Verbs'''===
===='''Weak Verbs'''====
These include verbs whose stem ends in a fricative and any other possible consonant.
These include verbs whose stem ends in a fricative and any other possible consonant.






===='''Weak Verbs 1st Class'''====
======'''Weak Verbs 1st Class'''======
:Vall - Vallak - Vallakir - Vallaken - Vallakum - ''To Betray''
:Vall - Vallak - Vallakir - Vallaken - Vallakum - ''To Betray''


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===='''Weak Verbs 2nd Class'''====
======'''Weak Verbs 2nd Class'''======
:Hluf - Hlufan - Hlufte - Hlufrem - Hluftelen - ''To Jump''
:Hluf - Hlufan - Hlufte - Hlufrem - Hluftelen - ''To Jump''


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===Verb Number Marking===
The following are suffixes. These come after the fusional case/aspect marker.
====Transitive Verbs====
{| {{style|}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center"|Object
|-
! style="text-align: center"|Singular
! style="text-align: center"|Plural
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"|  Agent
! style="text-align: center"|Singular
| style="text-align: center"|
| style="text-align: center"|'''-î'''
|-
! style="text-align: center"|Plural
| style="text-align: center"|'''-a'''
| style="text-align: center"|'''-(v)in'''
|-
|}
====Intransitive Verbs====
{| {{style|}}
! colspan="1" rowspan="1"|
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center"|Subject
|-
! style="text-align: center"|Singular
| style="text-align: center"|
|-
! style="text-align: center"|Plural
| style="text-align: center"|'''-î'''
|-
|}


==Nouns==
==Nouns==


===Cases===
===Cases===
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===Case and Class Paradigms===
====Case and Class Paradigms====
In Aethêllan over time Case and Class/Gender have merged into one suffix. When Nouns take their Case and Class marker they now have a far more fusional method unlike its ancestor language Vamynouynem.
In Aethêllan over time Case and Class/Gender have merged into one suffix. When Nouns take their Case and Class marker they now have a far more fusional method unlike its ancestor language Vamynouynem.


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====Notes on Cases====
=====Notes on Cases=====


* ''Theyn'' is an irregular verb, hence the short diphthong becoming a long vowel. This happens for all weak nouns with short diphthongs in Class I.
*'''Theyn''' is an irregular verb, hence the short diphthong becoming a long vowel. This happens for all weak nouns with short diphthongs in Class I.


*'''Gâl''' translates roughly to ''Man'' though can also be used for both sexes.
*'''Gâl''' translates roughly to ''Man'' though can also be used for both sexes.
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===Definite vs. Indefinite===
===Definite vs. Indefinite===
The Definite marker for nouns is '''V(i)-''' which is a prefix.
The Definite marker for nouns is the allomorphic prefix '''(v)(i)-'''.
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! Definite
! Definite
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
|-
|-
| Vigâla
| Igâla
| Gâla
| Gâla
|-
|-
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*'''NB''' Galîs is the collective noun for man, meaning something akin to Mankind/Humankind.
*'''NB''' Galîs is the collective noun for man, meaning something akin to Mankind/Humankind.


===Personal Pronouns===
===Personal Pronouns===
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==Derivation==
==Derivation==
All the following are Prefixes.
 
The following are a mix of prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes are marked, and the remaining are suffixes.
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
!'''Derivation Pattern'''
!'''Derivation Pattern'''
!'''Affix & Example'''
!'''Affix & Example'''
|-
|-
|Adjective --> Adverb
|Adjective --> Adverb '''(prefix)'''
|'''an'''<br />Quick > Quickly
|'''an'''<br />Quick > Quickly
|-
|-
|Adjective --> Noun
|Adjective --> Noun '''(prefix)'''
|'''agar'''<br />Happy > Happiness
|'''agar'''<br />Happy > Happiness
|-
|-
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|'''-'''
|'''-'''
|-
|-
|Opposite (Quality)
|Opposite (Quality) '''(prefix)'''
|'''rao'''<br />Happy > sad, clear > vague
|'''rao'''<br />Happy > sad, clear > vague
|-
|-
|opposite (reverse action)<br />Agent and patient remain the same, action of the verb changes
|opposite (reverse action)'''(prefix)'''<br />Agent and patient remain the same, action of the verb changes
|'''forn'''<br />Earn <==> spend, borrow <==> repay
|'''forn'''<br />Earn <==> spend, borrow <==> repay
|-
|-
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|'''arta'''<br />to write > writing implement, to wash > soap
|'''arta'''<br />to write > writing implement, to wash > soap
|-
|-
|ADJ = made of NOUN
|ADJ = made of NOUN '''(prefix)'''
|'''val'''<br />Gold > golden, wood > wooden
|'''val'''<br />Gold > golden, wood > wooden
|-
|-
|ADJ = having lot of/ some of NOUN
|ADJ = having lot of/ some of NOUN '''(prefix)'''
|'''var'''<br />Money > rich, trash > messy
|'''var'''<br />Money > rich, trash > messy
|-
|-
|ADJ = lacking/sparsity of NOUN
|ADJ = lacking/sparsity of NOUN '''(prefix)'''
|'''ave'''<br />Tooth > toothless, money > poor
|'''ave'''<br />Tooth > toothless, money > poor
|-
|-
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|'''ithse'''<br />Man > scoundrel, child > brat
|'''ithse'''<br />Man > scoundrel, child > brat
|-
|-
|ADJ = tending to often do VERB/be ADJ
|ADJ = tending to often do VERB/be ADJ '''(prefix)'''
|'''gir'''<br />think > thoughtful, forget > forgetful
|'''gir'''<br />think > thoughtful, forget > forgetful
|-
|-
|VERB = to use NOUN in a typical way
|VERB = to use NOUN in a typical way
|'''kalah'''<br />Lips > kiss, Hammer > to hammer
|'''kâl'''<br />Lips > kiss, Hammer > to hammer
|}
|}




[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]]
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