Alska/Dialects: Difference between revisions

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'''This page is no longer "canon" with my re-working of Alska.  I'm going to leave it as it is, but it does not necessarily reflect on Alska as it currently stands'''
==Dialect Classification==
==Dialect Classification==


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*<i>din</i> to <i>dæyn</i> ([dɪn] - [dein])
*<i>din</i> to <i>dæyn</i> ([dɪn] - [dein])
*<i>er</i> to <i>e</i> ([er] - [e])  <i>ett Vere</i> changes to <i>i Ve</i> in Northern Alska, and the conjugation for all persons in present tense is simply <i>e</i> in NA.   
*<i>er</i> to <i>e</i> ([er] - [e])  <i>ett Vere</i> changes to <i>i Ve</i> in Northern Alska, and the conjugation for all persons in present tense is simply <i>e</i> in NA.   
*<i>giver</i> to <i>giv</i> ([gɪv'ɛr] - [gi:v]).  The command form of a verb in SA is the exact same as it's present tense conjugation, but in NA the command form is simply the infinitive without the <i>e</i> attached to it.  This also appears with the verbs <i>ett lede</i>, <i>ett tillgive,</i> and <i>ett tilleve</i> (SA versions).
*<i>giver</i> to <i>giv</i> ([gɪv'ɛr] - [gi:v]).  The command form of a verb in SA is the exact same as it's present tense conjugation, but in NA the command form is simply the infinitive without the <i>e</i> attached to it.  This also appears with the verbs <i>ett lede</i>, <i>ett tillgive,</i> ''ett vere,'' and <i>ett tilleve</i> (SA versions).


===Østalska (Ustalsj')===
===Østalska (Ustalsj')===
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|a
|a
|[au]
|[au]
|  
| -
|-
|-
|aa
|aa
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|d
|d
|[d]/[ð]
|[d]/[ð]
|pronounced [d] at the beginning of a word, [ð] elsewhere
|pronounced [d] at the beginning or end of a word, [ð] elsewhere
|-
|-
|e
|e
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|-
|-
|o
|o
|[ɔ]/[o̞]
|[ɔ]/[o:] ([o̞:])
| -
| [o̞:] is similar to English b'''oo'''k
|-
|-
|p
|p
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The ''apostrof'' (<i>'</i>) is counted as a full letter in Eastern Alska, and is pronounced [ɛ].  This can be confusing to non-native speakers of EA because words that would normally have a short 'e' are instead spelled with an apostrophe.  This also happens in the definite/indefinite articles.
The ''apostrof'' (<i>'</i>) is counted as a full letter in Eastern Alska, and is pronounced [ɛ].  This can be confusing to non-native speakers of EA because words that would normally have a short 'e' are instead spelled with an apostrophe.  This also happens in the definite/indefinite articles.


The same voiced-unvoiced consonant switch occurs in Eastern Alska just as it does in Northern Alska.
The same voiced-unvoiced consonant switch occurs in Eastern Alska as it does in Northern Alska, but to a lesser degree.
 
One notable phonetic shift in Eastern Alska is the placement of ''sj'' in words that normally contain ''kj'' in Standard
 
*''Alsj' '' [al'ʃɛ] (EA) - ''Alska'' [als'ka] (SA) - Alska
*''Mensjer'' [mɛnʃ(ɹ)] (EA) - ''Mennsker'' [mɛn'skɛr] (SA) - People
 
====Apostrof====
 
The Apostrophe (') represents the phone [ɛ], and is used only when the sound is to be fully realized.  The apostrohpe is used to counteract the dropping of word-final, unstressed syllables in Eastern Alska.  It is also used in stressed syllables because the letter ''e'' only represents the phone [e:].  If ''e'', or any other vowel is found in an unstressed syllable (usually at the end of a word), it is dropped from speech.  However, if ' is in the final syllable, it is still unstressed, but the [ɛ] is pronounced. 
 
This is shown in the tables below.


====Pronunciation Differences/Spelling Differences====
====Pronunciation Differences/Spelling Differences====
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|Vadr
|Vadr
|[va:r]
|[va:r]
|Va'r
|Vaa'r
|[fa'ɛ(ɹ)]
|[fa'ɛ(ɹ)]
|father
|father
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====Grammar====
====Grammar====
The grammar in EA is very different from SA.  The largest differences comes from the distinction between three genders (''kån'') instead of only two.  Eastern Alska has a Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter gender, each with its own enclitic article and definite article:
SA on the left, EA on the right
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Gender'''
!colspan="4"|'''Enclitic Article'''
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Standard Alska'''
!colspan="2"|'''Eastern Alska'''
|-
!'''Masculine'''
|colspan=2|en
|colspan="2"|in
|-
!'''Feminine'''
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|ijn
|-
!'''Neuter'''
|colspan="2"|et
|colspan="2"|et
|-
|}
This also causes the possessive pronouns to switch to a three-gender system:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"|'''Gender'''
!colspan="4"|'''Possessive Pronoun'''
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Standard Alska'''
!colspan="2"|'''Eastern Alska'''
|-
!'''Masculine'''
|colspan=2|minn [mɪn]
|colspan="2"|myne [mein]
|-
!'''Feminine'''
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mijn [mi:n]
|-
!'''Neuter'''
|colspan="2"|mitt [mɪt]
|colspan="2"|mytt [meit]
|-
|}
Adjectives are also inflected for three genders instead of two:
*''Din sp'dd'''i''' hustir [dɪn spɛð hʉs'ti:(ɹ)]'' - the excited pet (While ''hus'' is neuter, the gender of a compound word is always taken from the final noun in the compound.  In this case, ''tir(in)'' is masculine.  ''Din'' is the masculine definite article, and is not to be confused with the SA ''din'', which is the second person possessive pronoun.  It's counterparts in EA are dine, dijn, and ditt)
*''Dij smuk'''jijn''' fluk' [di: smʉk'ji:(jn) flʉkɛ]'' - the pretty girl
*''Det redd'''t''' hus [de: ɹe:ðd hʉs]'' - the red house
====Verbs====
Verbs are made with an ''å'' in the infinitive form, but do not have any special ending on the actual verb, such as SA's way of adding an ''e'' onto verbs. 
*''å Kug'' - to Cook (EA)
*''ett Kyk'''e''' '' - to Cook (SA)
Additionally, the conjugation, while still universal in the present tense, is an ''-e'' instead of ''-er''.  This can be confusing in speech because final-syllable vowels are always dropped unless the syllable contains ' , and the adding of an ''e'' does not change the pronunciation of a verb from the infinitive.  This also changes the form of 'to be' form ''er'' to ''e''.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Verb (EA)'''
!'''Present'''
!'''IPA'''
!'''Meaning'''
!'''Verb (SA)'''
!'''Present'''
!'''IPA'''
!'''Meaning'''
|-
!'''å Skriv'''
|skrive
|[skɹi:'f]
|to write
!'''ett Skrive'''
|skriver
|[skri:'vɛr]
|to write
|-
!'''å Kug'''
|kuge
|[kʉg]
|to cook
!'''ett Kyke'''
|kyker
|[kʉg'ɛr]
|to cook
|-
!'''å Løb'''
|løbe
|[løp]
|to run
!'''ett Lufe'''
|lufer
|[lʉf'ɛr
|to run
|-
!'''å Find'''
|find
|[fɪn(ð)]
|to find
!'''ett Finne'''
|finner
|[fɪn'nɛr]
|to find
|-
!'''å Bord'''
|borde
|[bɔɹ(ð)]
|to eat
!'''ett Spise'''
|spiser
|[spi:'sɛr]
|to eat
|-
!'''å Gå'''
|Gåe
|[gɔ]
|to go
!'''ett Gå'''
|går
|[gɔr]
|to go
|}
*''Hin skrive over for å kug'' - he writes about cooking (EA)  [hɪn  skɹi:f  o:'fɛ  få  å  kʉg]
*''Han skriver over for ett kyke'' - he writes about cooking (SA)  [han  skri:'vɛr  o:'vɛr  fo:r  ɛt  ky:kɛ]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlang dialects]][[Category:Alska]]