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Ancient Lathian (view source)

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|name = Ancient Lathian
|name = Ancient Lathian
|nativename = Λάθικαα Láthikā
|nativename = Λάθικαα Láthikā
|pronunciation = [ˈlatʰikaː]
|pronunciation = ˈlatʰikaː
|region = Lathia, Thamilia
|region = Lathia, Thamilia
|era = Mid to Late 1st Millennium BCE
|era = Mid to Late 1st Millennium BCE
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = Nesic  
|fam2 = Nesic  
|fam3 = Eastern Nesic  
|fam3 = Eastern Nesic  
|ancestor = Archaic Lathian
|ancestor = Archaic Lathian
|iso1 = lt
|script1        = Grek
|iso2 = lt
|creator=User:Asteria91
|iso3 = ltk
|script        = [[w:Greek Alphabet|Greek]] (Lathian Alphabet)
|agency        =
}}
}}


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|e eː   
|e eː   
|   
|   
|o oː
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! style="" |Open
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|  
|  
|}
|}
===Phonetic Notes===
===Phonetic Notes===
*/t/, /d/, and /tʰ/ are denti-alveolar.
*/t/, /d/, and /tʰ/ are denti-alveolar.
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*/r/ is prototypically an alveolar tap /ɾ/.  It becomes an alveolar trill /r/ word-initially.  In the syllable-final position, either a trill or tap could occur with no semantic difference.
*/r/ is prototypically an alveolar tap /ɾ/.  It becomes an alveolar trill /r/ word-initially.  In the syllable-final position, either a trill or tap could occur with no semantic difference.
*/s/ and /ʃ/ become voiced before voiced consonants.
*/s/ and /ʃ/ become voiced before voiced consonants.
==Phonotactics==
==Phonotactics==
* Any vowel may end a word, as well as any nasal, liquid, or fricative.  If a stop ended a word in PIE, it was dropped in Ancient Lathian (or maybe as far back as Proto-Nesic).
* Any vowel may end a word, as well as any nasal, liquid, or fricative.  If a stop ended a word in PIE, it was dropped in Ancient Lathian (or maybe as far back as Proto-Nesic).
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|-
|-
|'''Εε'''
|'''Εε'''
|'''Έφσιλον'''
|'''Έφσιλυν'''
|/e/
|/e/
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|'''Ηη'''
|'''Ηη'''
|'''ηεέτα'''
|'''Ηεέτα'''
|/h/
|/h/
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|'''Ιι'''
|'''Ιι'''
|'''Ιοότα'''
|'''Ιυύτα'''
|/i/
|/i/
|-
|-
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|'''Νυυ'''
|'''Νυυ'''
|/n/
|/n/
|-
|'''Οο'''
|'''Όμικρον'''
|/o/
|-
|-
|'''Ππ'''
|'''Ππ'''
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|-
|-
|'''Ρρ'''
|'''Ρρ'''
|'''Ροο'''
|'''Ρυυ'''
|/r/
|/r/
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|'''Υυ'''
|'''Υυ'''
|'''Ύφσιλον'''
|'''Ύφσιλυν'''
|/u/
|/u/
|-
|-
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|'''ιι'''
|'''ιι'''
|/iː/
|/iː/
|-
|'''οο'''
|/oː/
|-
|-
|'''υυ'''
|'''υυ'''
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|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| -ααμ || -αας
| -ααν || -αας
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
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|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| -ασς || -ααν
| -αασς || -ααν
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''First declension'''
! colspan="5" | '''Masculine & Feminine -αα stem'''
|-
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine & Feminine: θάλαα (''flower; blossom'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Feminine: θάλαα (''flower; blossom'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter: νιοόμα (''soul; spirit'')   
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine: ταάταα (''daddy; dad'')   
|-  
|-  
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
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! Nominative/Vocative
! Nominative/Vocative
| θάλαα  || θάλαας
| θάλαα  || θάλαας
| νιοόμα || νιοόμε
| ταάταα || ταάταας
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| θάλααμ || θάλαας
| θάλααν || θάλαας
| νιοόμαμ|| νιοόμε
| ταάτααν|| ταάταας
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| θάλααι || θάλααις
| θάλααι || θάλααις
| νιοόμααι || νιοόααις
| ταάτααι || ταάτααις
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| θάλυνς || θάλοον
| θάλαασς || θάλααν
| νιοόμυνς || νιοόμοον
| ταάταασς || ταάτααν
|}
 
The second part of the first declension is comprised mainly of masculine & neuter nouns with a short alpha (-α) at the end of the stem.  It also includes a small number of feminine nouns.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | '''Masculine & Feminine -ας stem'''
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural 
|-
! Nominative
| -ας || -αας
|-
! Vocative
| -ε || -αας
|-
! Accusative
| -αν || -αας
|-
! Dative
| -ααι || -αις
|-
! Genitive
| -ασς || -ααν
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''Masculine & Feminine -ας stem'''
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine: δέινας (''day'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Feminine: σάδας (''road; path; way'') 
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| δέινας  || δέιναας
| σάδας || σάδαας
|-
! Vocative
| δέινε  || δέιναας
| σάδε || σάδαας
|-
! Accusative
| δέιναν || δέιναας
| σάδαν|| σάδαας
|-
! Dative
| δέινααι || δέιναις
| σάδααι || σάδαις
|-
! Genitive
| δέινασς || δέινααν
| σάδασς || σάδααν
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | '''Neuter -αν stem'''
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural 
|-
! Nominative/Vocative/Accusative
| -αν || -αα
|-
! Dative
| -ααι || -αις
|-
! Genitive
| -ασς || -ααν
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | '''Neuter -αν stem'''
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter: δαάραμ (''gift'') 
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative/Vocative/Accusative
| δαάραν  || δαάραα
|-
! Dative
| δαάρααι || δαάραις
|-
! Genitive
| δαάρασς || δαάρααν
|}
|}


====Second Declension====
====Second Declension====
The second declension consists mainly of masculine and neuter nouns ending in '''-ο''' and '''-υ''' in the nominative singular respectively. It also contains a small group of feminine nouns ending in '''-ο''' in the nominative singular.
The second declension consists of masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns with '''-υ''' and '''-ι''' (called the ''upsilun-iuta'' declension) at the end of the stem. It is derived from PIE u-stems and i-stems.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''-υ stem'''
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine & Feminine
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter 
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| -υσς || -υυς
| -υ || -υα
|-
! Vocative
| -υ || -υυς
| -υ || -υα
|-
! Accusative
| -υν || -υυς
| -υ || -υα
|-
! Dative
| -ει || -υις
| -ει || -υις
|-
! Genitive
| -ευσς || -ααν
| -ευσς || -ααν
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''-υ stem'''
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine & Feminine: ζένυσς (''cheek'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter: δάρυ (''tree'') 
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ζένυσς || ζένυυς
| δάρυ  || δάρυα
|-
! Vocative
| ζένυ || ζένυυς
| δάρυ  || δάρυα
|-
! Accusative
| ζένυν || ζένυυς
| δάρυ  || δάρυα
|-
! Dative
| ζένει || ζένυις
| δάρει  || δάρυις
|-
! Genitive
| ζένευσς || ζένααν
| δάρευσς || δάρααν
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''Second declension'''
! colspan="5" | '''-ι stem'''
|-
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! style="width: 200px; " |
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! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
|-
|-
! Nominative/Vocative
! Nominative
| -ο || -οος
| -ισς || -ιις
| -υ || -ε
| -ι || -ια
|-
! Vocative
| -ι || -ιις
| -ι || -ια
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| -ομ || -οος
| -ιν || -ιις
| -υμ || -ε
| -ι || -ια
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| -οι || -οις
| -εει || -εις
| -οι || -οις
| -εει || -εις
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| -υνς || -οον
| -εισς || -ααν
| -υνς || -οον
| -εισς || -ααν
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | '''Second declension'''
! colspan="5" | '''-ι stem'''
|-
|-
! style="width: 200px; " |
! style="width: 200px; " |
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine & Feminine: δέινο (''day'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Masculine & Feminine: φίλισς (''friend'')
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter: μάχυ (''unmarried youth'')   
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px; " | Neuter: μάνι (''neck'')   
|-  
|-  
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
! style="width: 100px;" | Case !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural  
|-
|-
! Nominative/Vocative
! Nominative
| δέινο || δέινοος
| φίλισς || φίλιις
| μάχυ || μάχε
| μάνι  || μάνια
|-
! Vocative
| φίλι || φίλιις
| μάνι || μάνια
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| δέινομ || δέινοος
| φίλιν || φίλιις
| μάχυμ || μάχε
| μάνι || μάνια
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| δέινοι || δέινοις
| φίλεει || φίλεις
| μάχοι || μάχοις
| μάνεει || μάνεις
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| δέινυνς || δέινοον
| φίλεισς || φίλααν
| μάχυνς || μάχοον
| μάνεισς || μάνααν
|}
|}


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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Nesic languages]]
[[Category:Nesic languages]]
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