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{{movedon}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name          = Atlantic
|name          = Atlantic
|nativename    = ondartigor; ra nimba ondartigora
|nativename    = ondartigor; ra nimba ondartigora
|pronunciation = [ɔndartiˈɡɔr], [ra ˈɲimba ɔndartiˈɡɔra]
|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ondartiˈɡɔr]}}<br/>{{IPA|[ra ˈɲimba ondartiˈɡɔra]}}
|states (state) = Atlantic Provinces
|states (state) = Atlantic Provinces
|region        = Northwestern Africa
|region        = Northwestern Africa
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|nation        = Atlantic Provinces
|nation        = Atlantic Provinces
}}
}}
'''Atlantic''', also known as ''Atlantic Latin'' or ''Atlantic Romance'', natively ''ondartigor'' (''ra nimba ondartigora'') [ɔndartiˈɡɔr], [ra ˈɲimba ɔndartiˈɡɔra] is a [[w:Romance languages|Romance language]] spoken in an alternate history version of Earth in the Atlantic Provinces (''Ondàrtigot'' [ɔnˈdartigot]), a country located in the northwestern corner of Africa. The country's name is a remnant of [[w:Roman Empire|Roman]] history, when the area - including the [[w:Atlas Mountains|Atlas Mountains]] as its main geographical feature - was divided in the provinces of [[w:Numidia (Roman province)|Numidia]], [[w:Mauretania Caesariensis|Mauretania Caesariensis]], and [[w:Mauretania Tingitana|Mauretania Tingitana]].
'''Atlantic''', also known as ''Atlantic Latin'' or ''Atlantic Romance'', natively ''ondartigor'' (''ra nimba ondartigora'') {{IPA|[ondartiˈɡɔr]}}, {{IPA|[ra ˈɲimba ondartiˈɡɔra]}} is a [[w:Romance languages|Romance language]] spoken in an alternate history version of Earth in the Atlantic Provinces (''Ondàrtigot'' {{IPA|[onˈdartigot]}}), a country located in the northwestern corner of Africa. The country's name is a remnant of [[w:Roman Empire|Roman]] history, when the area - including the [[w:Atlas Mountains|Atlas Mountains]] as its main geographical feature - was divided in the provinces of [[w:Numidia (Roman province)|Numidia]], [[w:Mauretania Caesariensis|Mauretania Caesariensis]], and [[w:Mauretania Tingitana|Mauretania Tingitana]].


It has various dialects, usually grouped in two main varieties called ''Mauritanian'' (''muridoinens'' [muridɔˈɲens]), the one the standard is based on, and ''Numidian'' (''numigens'' [numiˈzens] or [numiˈdzens]); some sources distinguish two further variants, ''Teneréïc'' (''teneriens'' [teneˈʒens]) and ''Senegal Riparian'' (''naia-uruminiens'' [ˌnæjæ.urumiˈɲens]); these two varieties are greatly influenced by the non-Romance languages they coexist with.
It has various dialects, usually grouped in two main varieties called ''Mauritanian'' (''muridoinens'' {{IPA|[muridɔˈɲens]}}), the one the standard is based on, and ''Numidian'' (''numigens'' {{IPA|[numiˈzens]}} or {{IPA|[numiˈdzens]}}); some sources distinguish two further variants, ''Teneréïc'' (''teneriens'' {{IPA|[teneˈʒens]}}) and ''Senegal Riparian'' (''naia-uruminiens'' {{IPA|[ˌnæjæ.urumiˈɲens]}}); these two varieties are greatly influenced by the non-Romance languages they coexist with.


==Diachronic development==
==Diachronic development==
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Among mid vowels, the short ones were raised to /i u/ while the long ones remained /e o/, cf. <small>TERRA</small> > ''tira'' "land, earth, soil", <small>FOCVM</small> > ''fug'' "fire", <small>RATIŌNEM</small> > ''raçon'' "reason, cause", <small>TRĒS</small> > ''cet'' "three (m/f)".
Among mid vowels, the short ones were raised to /i u/ while the long ones remained /e o/, cf. <small>TERRA</small> > ''tira'' "land, earth, soil", <small>FOCVM</small> > ''fug'' "fire", <small>RATIŌNEM</small> > ''raçon'' "reason, cause", <small>TRĒS</small> > ''cet'' "three (m/f)".


Long vowels /iː uː/ were diphthongized to /ai̯ au̯/ when in open syllables, while they shortened and merged into /i u/ in other cases: <small>LV̄NAM</small> > ''rauna'' "moon", <small>VICĪNVM</small> > ''uiçain'' "neighbour; close", <small>MAURĪTĀNIAM</small> > ''Muridonea'' "Mauritania", <small>NV̄LLIFICĀRE</small> > ''nuiifigò'' "to cancel, revoke". Latin /au̯/ had probably merged with /uː/ before, and shifted back to /au̯/ for the same reason, cf. <small>AVRA</small> > *ūra > aura "gold" <small>(plurale tantum)</small>; evidence of the shift to /uː/ is given by words where it was unstressed, such as <small>AVGVSTVM</small> > *uuust > ''uust'' /wust/ "August".<br/>Original /ai̯ oi̯ eu̯/, meanwhile, all merged into */eː/, following the same development mentioned before (cf. <small>AEDICVLAM</small> > *ēdicula > ''eìguea'' /eˈiɡuja/ "house"; <small>EVCHARISTIAM</small> > *ēcaristia > *egarisça > ''egariça'' "Eucharist"; <small>POENAM</small> > ''pena'' "pain").
Long vowels /iː uː/ were diphthongized to /ai̯ au̯/ when in open syllables, while they shortened and merged into /i u/ in other cases: <small>LV̄NAM</small> > ''rauna'' "moon", <small>VICĪNVM</small> > ''uiçain'' "neighbour; close", <small>MAURĪTĀNIAM</small> > ''Muridonea'' "Mauritania", <small>NV̄LLIFICĀRE</small> > ''nuiifigò'' "to cancel, revoke". Latin /au̯/ had probably merged with /uː/ before, and shifted back to /au̯/ for the same reason, cf. <small>AVRA</small> > *ūra > aura "gold" <small>(plurale tantum)</small>; evidence of the shift to /uː/ is given by words where it was unstressed, such as <small>AVGVSTVM</small> > *uuust > ''uust'' /wust/ "August" (archaic, no longer used).<br/>Original /ai̯ oi̯ eu̯/, meanwhile, all merged into */eː/, following the same development mentioned before (cf. <small>AEDICVLAM</small> > *ēdicula > ''eìguea'' /eˈiɡuja/ "house"; <small>EVCHARISTIAM</small> > *ēcaristia > *egarisça > ''egariça'' "Eucharist"; <small>POENAM</small> > ''pena'' "pain").


Short word-final vowels except for /a/ were lost as in Gallo-Romance, but in some words short vowels, usually /i/ or /u/, were later added again in order to break clusters; typically it was inserted into a -Cr cluster (<small>CASTRVM</small> > *castr > ''càistur'' "city", cf. <small>CASTRA</small> > ''caistra'' "cities") but after a -NC cluster (<small>QVĪNQVE</small> > *quingui > *pimb > ''pimbi'' "five"). /-ts/ (> /s/ today in most dialects) and /s/ + stop clusters were not changed, cf. <small>LACTEM</small> > *nasti > ''nast'' "milk".
Short word-final vowels except for /a/ were lost as in Gallo-Romance, but in some words short vowels, usually /i/ or /u/, were later added again in order to break clusters; typically it was inserted into a -Cr cluster (<small>CASTRVM</small> > *castr > ''càistur'' "city", cf. <small>CASTRA</small> > ''caistra'' "cities") but after a -NC cluster (<small>QVĪNQVE</small> > *quingui > *pimb > ''pimbi'' "five"). /-ts/ (> /s/ today in most dialects) and /s/ + stop clusters were not changed, cf. <small>LACTEM</small> > *nasti > ''nast'' "milk".
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: <small>FRIGIDVM</small> > */wriɣiðu/ > */urijið/ > ''urìu'' "cold"
: <small>FRIGIDVM</small> > */wriɣiðu/ > */urijið/ > ''urìu'' "cold"
: <small>MAGVM</small> > */maɣu/ > ''mau'' "nomad"<ref>Originally "magician, fortune-teller", this term came to identify wandering fortune-tellers.</ref>
: <small>MAGVM</small> > */maɣu/ > ''mau'' "nomad"<ref>Originally "magician, fortune-teller", this term came to identify wandering fortune-tellers.</ref>
A preceding nasal prevented the consonant from being lenited, while a preceding /r/ or /l/ didn't, e.g. <small>DIEM MARTIS</small> > ''gimàrdit'' "Tuesday".
A preceding nasal prevented the consonant from being lenited, while a preceding /r/ or /l/ didn't, e.g. <small>DIEM MARTIS</small> > ''gimàrdit'' "Tuesday" (arch.).<br/>
/kt/ and /pt/ clusters were resolved by turning the backmost element to /s/, i.e. to /st/ and /ps/ respectively, see <small>LACTEM</small> > ''nast'' "milk"; <small>APTVM</small> > ''aps'' "ready".
/kt/ and /pt/ clusters were resolved by turning the backmost element to /s/, i.e. to /st/ and /ps/ respectively, see <small>LACTEM</small> > ''nast'' "milk"; <small>APTVM</small> > ''aps'' "ready".


<small>VI-</small> /wi/ was reduced to /j/ if a vowel followed, as e.g. in <small>VIĀTICVM</small> > ''iòdig'' "travel".<br/>Sporadic posttonic syncope led to a range of newer clusters, which were often resolved through assimilation. For example, /mn/ assimilated to /nn/ and /nm/ to /mm/, as in <small>FĒMINAM</small> > *fēmna > ''fenna'' "woman"; <small>ANIMAM</small> > *anma > ''amma'' "person". Most modern dialects have further degeminated them (Senegal Riparian dialects are the main exception, as are a few ones in the Atlas valleys of Numidia), but they are still represented in the orthography.
<small>VI-</small> /wi/ was reduced to /j/ if a vowel followed, as e.g. in <small>VIĀTICVM</small> > ''iòdig'' "travel".<br/>Sporadic posttonic syncope led to a range of newer clusters, which were often resolved through assimilation. For example, /mn/ assimilated to /nn/ and /nm/ to /mm/, as in <small>FĒMINAM</small> > *fēmna > ''fenna'' "woman"; <small>ANIMAM</small> > *anma > ''amma'' "person". Most modern dialects have further degeminated them (Senegal Riparian dialects are the main exception, as are a few ones in the Atlas valleys of Numidia), but they are still represented in the orthography. Historical gemination is not represented in a few words where such consonants were likely degeminated early and, in fact, no modern dialect has a geminate consonant - a common word where this happened is ''punust'' "tomorrow" < ''punnust'' < *pusnust < <small>POST NOCTEM</small>.


===Mauritanian palatalization===
===Mauritanian palatalization===
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: /n/ > /ɲ/, cf. ''uiçain'' "neighbour" (Maur. /wiˈsaɲ/, Num. /wiˈ(t)sai̯n/). Historic /ni/ > /ɲi/ is, however, universal across the Atlantic-speaking world and therefore not a part of Mauritanian palatalization; this change is still productive and even found in loanwords.
: /n/ > /ɲ/, cf. ''uiçain'' "neighbour" (Maur. /wiˈsaɲ/, Num. /wiˈ(t)sai̯n/). Historic /ni/ > /ɲi/ is, however, universal across the Atlantic-speaking world and therefore not a part of Mauritanian palatalization; this change is still productive and even found in loanwords.
: /r/ > /ʒ/, cf. ''Uiolarea'', capital city of the Atlantic Provinces (Maur. /ujoˈlaʒa/, Num. /ujoˈlarja/). This change also happened, as part of Mauritanian palatalization, before /i/; Numidian still has /r/ before /i/, cf. ''riduòi'' "ritual" Maur. /ʒiˈdwoi̯/, Num. /riˈdwoi̯/.
: /r/ > /ʒ/, cf. ''Uiolarea'', capital city of the Atlantic Provinces (Maur. /ujoˈlaʒa/, Num. /ujoˈlarja/). This change also happened, as part of Mauritanian palatalization, before /i/; Numidian still has /r/ before /i/, cf. ''riduòi'' "ritual" Maur. /ʒiˈdwoi̯/, Num. /riˈdwoi̯/.
: /s/ > /ʃ/, but /s/ from /ts/ was '''not''' affected (suggesting that deaffrication likely happened later), cf. ''fuist'' "you were" (Maur. /fuʃt/, Num. /fui̯st/), ''Asea'' "Asia" (Maur. /ˈaʃa/, Num. /ˈasja/).
: /s/ > /ʃ/, but /s/ from /ts/ was '''not''' affected (suggesting that deaffrication likely happened later), cf. ''fuist'' "you were" (Maur. /fuʃt/, Num. /fui̯st/), ''Osea'' "Asia" (Maur. /ˈoʃa/, Num. /ˈosja/).
: /l/ > /ʎ/, cf. ''sail'' "flood" (Maur. /saʎ/, Num. /sai̯l/), ''Iulea'', proper name (Maur. /ˈjuʎa/, Num. /ˈjulja/).
: /l/ > /ʎ/, cf. ''sail'' "flood" (Maur. /saʎ/, Num. /sai̯l/), ''Iulea'', proper name (Maur. /ˈjuʎa/, Num. /ˈjulja/).


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# Mauritanian dialects only.
# Mauritanian dialects only.
# Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /z/ in most others.
# Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /z/ in most others.
Palatal consonants, in Mauritanian and Senegal Riparian dialects, are realized as palatalized alveolars before other alveolar consonants, as in ''paindig'' "fifteen" {{IPA|/ˈpaɲdiz/ [ˈpanʲdiz]}} or ''sançuaint'' "June" {{IPA|/sanˈswaɲt/ [sanˈswanʲt]}}. In Numidian and Ténéréïc dialects they never occur before consonants.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Atlantic has a common five-vowel system, with [ɛ ɔ] being stressed allophones of /e o/ respectively. Vowel+approximant sequences are analyzed as vowel+consonant, mostly because of their development in Mauritanian dialects.
Atlantic has a common five-vowel system, with [ɛ ɔ] being stressed allophones of /e o/ respectively. Vowel+approximant sequences are analyzed as vowel+consonant, mostly because of their development in Mauritanian dialects. In most dialects, /a/ is fronted to [æ] when adjacent to any palatal or alveolo-palatal consonant (e.g. ''Naia'' [ˈnæjæ] (← <small>NĪAM</small>) "[[w:Senegal River|Senegal River]]")
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
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The articles ''in'' and ''din'', furthermore, assimilate their consonant to a following /t d s ʃ l/ as ''(d)it, (d)id, (d)is, (d)is, (d)il'':
The articles ''in'' and ''din'', furthermore, assimilate their consonant to a following /t d s ʃ l/ as ''(d)it, (d)id, (d)is, (d)is, (d)il'':
: ''it test'' "the roof", ''id did'' "the finger", ''is suc'' "the market", ''is siampain'' "the champagne", ''il laus'' "the almond".
: ''it test'' "the roof", ''id did'' "the finger", ''is suc'' "the market", ''is siampain'' "the champagne", ''il laus'' "the almond".
Unlike many other Romance languages, articles aren't used before given names:
: ''Fui dadur na unor au Agafì.'' "I gave Agatha the flower."


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
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*:: Arabic سوق ''sūq'' → ''suc, sucot'' "market, markets"
*:: Arabic سوق ''sūq'' → ''suc, sucot'' "market, markets"
* The third declension, as mentioned before, contains all nouns which were originally neuter in Latin, independent of their declension, which were reanalyzed as masculines and therefore kept the ''-a'' plural ending. This declension includes all Latin third declension nouns following the <small>TEMPVS, TEMPORA</small> pattern, where the ''-or-'' or equivalent marker was reanalyzed as part of the stem even in the form that became the singular:
* The third declension, as mentioned before, contains all nouns which were originally neuter in Latin, independent of their declension, which were reanalyzed as masculines and therefore kept the ''-a'' plural ending. This declension includes all Latin third declension nouns following the <small>TEMPVS, TEMPORA</small> pattern, where the ''-or-'' or equivalent marker was reanalyzed as part of the stem even in the form that became the singular:
*: <small>AVXILIVM, AVXILIA</small> → ''uçì, uçia'' "aid, aids"
*: <small>AVXILIVM, AVXILIA</small> → ''ucì, ucia'' "aid, aids"
*: <small>SAXVM, SAXA</small> → ''saç, saça'' "stone, stones"
*: <small>SAXVM, SAXA</small> → ''saç, saça'' "stone, stones"
*: <small>PECV̄, PECVA</small> → ''pìgu, pìgua'' "pet, pets"
*: <small>PECV̄, PECVA</small> → ''pìgu, pìgua'' "pet, pets"
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*: <small>NIVEM, NIVĒS</small> → ''nìu, nìuet'' "cold; cold day, cold days; snow, snows" (f)
*: <small>NIVEM, NIVĒS</small> → ''nìu, nìuet'' "cold; cold day, cold days; snow, snows" (f)
*: This declension also includes all neuters (mostly in <small>-EN</small>) which were reanalyzed as feminine:
*: This declension also includes all neuters (mostly in <small>-EN</small>) which were reanalyzed as feminine:
*:: <small>FLV̄MEN, FLV̄MINA</small> → *flūm-em, *flūm-ēs → ''raum, raumet'' "river, rivers" (f)
*:: <small>FLV̄MEN, FLV̄MINA</small> → *flūm-em, *flūm-ēs → ''uraum, uraumet'' "river, rivers" (f)
*:: <small>FVLMEN, FVLMINA</small> → *fulm-em, *fulm-ēs → ''fùrim, fùrimet'' "lightning bolt, lightning bolts" (f)
*:: <small>FVLMEN, FVLMINA</small> → *fulm-em, *fulm-ēs → ''fùrim, fùrimet'' "lightning bolt, lightning bolts" (f)
*: All Latin fifth declension nouns were also reanalyzed as feminine nouns of this declension:
*: All Latin fifth declension nouns were also reanalyzed as feminine nouns of this declension:
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* <small>HOMŌ, HOMINĒS</small> → ''om, unnet'' "man, men" (m)
* <small>HOMŌ, HOMINĒS</small> → ''om, unnet'' "man, men" (m)
* <small>ITER, ITINERA</small> → ''ìdir, idìnira'' "way(s), route(s), passage(s)" (m)
* <small>ITER, ITINERA</small> → ''ìdir, idìnira'' "way(s), route(s), passage(s)" (m)
===Adjectives===
All Atlantic adjectives follow the first declination where feminine and the second one when masculine; they are therefore indistinguishable in the plural:
: ''àrud'' "tall (m)", ''arda'' (f), ''ardot'' (pl)
: ''cìur'' "fast (m)" (< <small>CELEREM</small>), ''cìura'' (f), ''cìurot'' (pl)
: ''sant'' "saint (m)", ''santa'' (f), ''santot'' (pl)
: ''saìr'' "small (m)" (< Ar. صغير ''ṣaḡīr''), ''saìra'' (f), ''saìrot'' (pl)


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| colspan=2 | not || -un, -n || nouit || nuistur, nuistra, nuistrot
| colspan=2 | not || -un, -n || nouit || nùistur, nuistra, nuistrot
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
| colspan=2 | but || -üi || buuit || uistur, uistra, uistrot
| colspan=2 | but || -üi || buuit || bùistur, buistra, buistrot
|-
|-
! 3SG
! 3SG
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* ''su cumeuura'' "I (m.) will eat it"
* ''su cumeuura'' "I (m.) will eat it"
It is also used, in all levels of formality (unlike many other Romance languages, which only allow this in very formal speech), after active participles, even when used as adjectives:
It is also used, in all levels of formality (unlike many other Romance languages, which only allow this in very formal speech), after active participles, even when used as adjectives:
* ''ir om cumiuonta'' "the man eating it"
* ''ir om cumiuenta'' "the man eating it"
* ''ir om cumeuura'' "the man that will be eating it"
* ''ir om cumeuura'' "the man that will be eating it"
In informal Atlantic, this form is replacing the dative:
In informal Atlantic, this form is replacing the dative:
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===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
List of the most common Atlantic prepositions:
List of the most common Atlantic prepositions and their contractions with articles:
* ''di'' "of"
{| class="wikitable"
* ''e'' "in" (''imb'' before vocalic ''u''; ''ind'' before other vowels)
|-
* ''pro'' "for"
! !! + ''in*/ir'' !! + ''na/ra'' !! + ''not/rot''
|-
! ''ant''<br/><small>IN FRONT OF, BEFORE</small>
| àntin/àntir || àntina/àntira || àntinot/àntirot
|-
! ''au''<br/><small>TO</small>
| àdin*/àdir || au-na/au-ra || aunot/aurot
|-
! ''cir''<br/><small>AROUND</small>
| cìrgun*/cìrgun || cìrguna || cìrgunt
|-
! ''cu''<br/><small>WITH</small>
| cun*/cur || cuna/cura || cunot/curot
|-
! ''di''<br/><small>OF</small>
| din*/dir || dina/dira || dinot/dirot
|-
! ''e'' (''ind, imb<ref>The form ''ind'' is used before any vowel except for vocalic ''u'', where ''imb'' is used.</ref>'')<br/><small>IN</small>
| nin*/nir || ina/ira || inot/irot
|-
! ''intar''<br/><small>IN</small>
| trin*/trin || trena || trenot
|-
! ''iç''<br/><small>FROM</small>
| ìçin*/ìçir || ìçuna/ìçura || ìçunt/içurot
|-
! ''surb''<br/><small>ON</small>
| sùpin*/sùpir || sunna/supra || sunnot/suprot
|-
! ''pro''<br/><small>FOR</small>
| pron*/pron || pina/pira || pinot/pirot
|-
! ''puis''<br/><small>BEHIND, AFTER</small>
| pùistin*/pùistir || pùisina/pùisira || pùisinot/pùisirot
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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|}
|}


====To be====
====Suppletive verbs====
=====To be=====
As common among Romance languages, "to be" is irregular in Atlantic. Like in Iberian Romance, some forms were taken from the conjugation of <small>SEDEŌ</small> "to sit" (with a new, stative verb *<small>SEDITŌ</small> being developed for that meaning); however, there is only one copulative verb, without the general Iberian distinction between essence and state: ''siuè'' /ʃiˈwe/ is used for both. However, there are two forms of the future: the one with the ''sisur'' participle (< <small>SESSV̄RVM</small>) is used when the meaning is "to be in a place", while the ''fudur'' (< <small>FVTV̄RVM</small>) is used in all other cases, cf.:
As common among Romance languages, "to be" is irregular in Atlantic. Like in Iberian Romance, some forms were taken from the conjugation of <small>SEDEŌ</small> "to sit" (with a new, stative verb *<small>SEDITŌ</small> being developed for that meaning); however, there is only one copulative verb, without the general Iberian distinction between essence and state: ''siuè'' /ʃiˈwe/ is used for both. However, there are two forms of the future: the one with the ''sisur'' participle (< <small>SESSV̄RVM</small>) is used when the meaning is "to be in a place", while the ''fudur'' (< <small>FVTV̄RVM</small>) is used in all other cases, cf.:
: ''sàmbad i geumiga su sisur imb Urumbi.'' "On Saturday and Sunday I'll be in Volubilis."
: ''Sàmbad i geumiga su sisur imb Urumbi.'' "On Saturday and Sunday I'll be in Volubilis."
: ''su fudur auna aistreia<ref>The word ''aistreia'' (pl. ''aistreiot'') "star" derives from Lat. <small>STĒLLAM</small>, but the irregular resolution of the initial cluster and the otherwise irregular ''r'' point to a contamination with <small>ASTĒR</small>, therefore to a Proto-Atlantic form *astrēlla, or to a diminutive form of the latter (*asterēlla), influenced by the former in having feminine and not masculine gender.</ref>!'' "I will be a star!"
: ''Su fudur auna aistreia<ref>The word ''aistreia'' (pl. ''aistreiot'') "star" derives from Lat. <small>STĒLLAM</small>, but the irregular resolution of the initial cluster and the otherwise irregular ''r'' point to a contamination with <small>ASTĒR</small>, therefore to a Proto-Atlantic form *astrēlla, or to a diminutive form of the latter (*asterēlla), influenced by the former in having feminine and not masculine gender.</ref>!'' "I will be a star!"
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+''siuè'' "to be"
|+''siuè'' "to be"
|-
|-
! Person !! Present !! Imperfect !! Past !! Future
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=4 | Indicative !! colspan=2 | Subjunctive
|-
! Present !! Imperfect !! Past !! Future !! Present !! Past
|-
|-
! 1SG
! 1SG
| su || ira || fui || su fudur(a)<br/>su sisur(a)
| su || ira || fui || su fudur(a)<br/>su sisur(a) || sim || fìur
|-
|-
! 2SG
! 2SG
| es || irot || fuist || es fudur(a)<br/>es sisur(a)
| es || irot || fuist || es fudur(a)<br/>es sisur(a) || siai || fìurit
|-
|-
! 3SG
! 3SG
| ist || irat || fuit || ist fudur(a)<br/>ist sisur(a)
| ist || irat || fuit || ist fudur(a)<br/>ist sisur(a) || si || fìuri
|-
|-
! 1PL
! 1PL
| sum || irom || fuim || sum fudurot<br/>sum sisurot
| sum || irom || fuim || sum fudurot<br/>sum sisurot || siaim || fiurim
|-
|-
! 2PL
! 2PL
| sest || iroç || fuiç || sest fudurot<br/>sest sisurot
| sest || iroç || fuiç || sest fudurot<br/>sest sisurot || siaiç || fiuriç
|-
|-
! 3PL
! 3PL
| sunt || irant || fùirunt || sunt fudurot<br/>sunt sisurot
| sunt || irant || fùirunt || sunt fudurot<br/>sunt sisurot || sint || fìurint
|-
|-
! Participles
! Participles
| siuent || colspan=2 | – || fudur<br/>sisur
| siuent || colspan=2 | – || fudur<br/>sisur || colspan=2 | –
|}
|}
=====To go=====
The verb "to go" in Atlantic is ''uoi''. The infinitive and both presents (incl. participle) are from <small>VĀDERE</small>; other forms from <small>ĪRE</small>. The 2SG, 1PL, and 2PL forms of the present also underwent contraction; the earliest texts show the expected forms ''uoiit, uoiim, uoiiç''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+''uoi'' "to go"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=5 | Indicative !! colspan=2 | Subjunctive
|-
! Present !! Imperfect !! Past !! Ren. Past !! Future !! Present !! Past
|-
! 1SG
| uoi || ieua || fui uoient(a) || iai || su idur(a) || uoia || aiìur
|-
! 2SG
| uoit || ieuot || fuist uoient(a) || aist || es idur(a) || uoiot || aiìurit
|-
! 3SG
| uoi || ieu || fuit uoient(a) || aiit || ist idur(a) || uoia || aiìuri
|-
! 1PL
| uoim || ieuom || fuim uoientot || aiim || sum idurot || uoiom || aiiurim
|-
! 2PL
| uoiç || ieuoç || fuiç uoientot || aiiç || sest idurot || uoioç || aiiuriç
|-
! 3PL
| uoiunt || ieuant || fùirunt uoientot || aièrunt || sunt idurot || uòiant || aiìurint
|-
! Participles
| uoient || colspan=3 | – || idur || colspan=2 |
|}
=====To bring=====
The Atlantic verb for "to bring" is irregular ''fir'', directly inherited from Latin <small>FERRE</small> "to carry":
{| class="wikitable"
|+''fir'' "to bring"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Person !! colspan=5 | Indicative !! colspan=2 | Subjunctive
|-
! Present !! Imperfect !! Past !! Ren. Past !! Future !! Present !! Past
|-
! 1SG
| fir || firiua || fui firent(a) || tui || su nodur(a) || fira || tuiìur
|-
! 2SG
| fìrit || firiuot || fuist firent(a) || tuiist || es nodur(a) || firot || tuiìurit
|-
! 3SG
| fir || firìu || fuit firent(a) || tuiit || ist nodur(a) || fira || tuiìuri
|-
! 1PL
| firim || firìuom || fuim firentot || tuiim || sum nodurot || firom || tuiiurim
|-
! 2PL
| firiç || firìuoç || fuiç firentot || tuiiç || sest nodurot || firoç || tuiiuriç
|-
! 3PL
| fìrunt || firìuant || fùirunt firentot || tuièrunt || sunt nodurot || fìrant || tuiìurint
|-
! Active participles
| firent || colspan=3 | – || nodur || colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
|-
! Active participles
| colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | nod || firind
|}
Derived verbs with the same irregularity:
* ''cunfir'' "to join, unite" (''cunfir'', ''fui cunfirent(a)'', ''cuntui'', ''cunnodur'', ''cunnod'')
* ''içfir'' "to remove" (''içfir'' , ''fui içfirent(a)'', ''istui'', ''içnodur'', ''içnod'')
* ''porfir'' "to distribute, offer, give" (''porfir'', ''fui porfirent(a)'', ''portui'', ''ponnodur'', ''ponnod'')
* ''ufir'' "to show" (''ufir'', ''fui ufirent(a)'', ''upsui''; ''unnodur'', ''unnod'')


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Line 633: Line 753:
|-
|-
! 13
! 13
| cèuig
| cìuig
|-
|-
! 14
! 14
Line 642: Line 762:
|-
|-
! 16
! 16
| sèuig
| sèstig
|-
|-
! 17
! 17
Line 722: Line 842:


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
===Months of the year, days of the week===
Month names (''rot menset dir an'') in Atlantic are, except for the first five, quite different from the standard set used in other Romance languages, even though their origin is often semantically similar (though etymologically different, except for September) to Sardinian.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English !! Atlantic !! Origin
|-
! January
| ''iamboir'' || Latin <small>IANVĀRIVM</small>
|-
! February
| ''fiuroir'' || Lat. <small>FEBRVĀRIVM</small>
|-
! March
| ''març'' || Lat. <small>MARTIVM</small>
|-
! April
| ''arbìu'' || Lat. <small>APRĪLEM</small>, through early dissimilation to *arpīl.
|-
! May
| ''moi'' || Lat. <small>MĀIVM</small>
|-
! June
| ''sançuàint'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) SANCTĪ IOANNĒS</small>
|-
! July
| ''citurçon'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) TRĪTV̄RATIŌNIS</small> "month of threshing".<ref>In this and following month names, the genitive ending probably got mistaken as nominative as cases were merging and thus got deleted.</ref>
|-
! August
| ''sunçon'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) ASSV̄MPTIŌNIS</small>
|-
! September
| ''cabudain'' || Lat. <small>CAPVT ANNĪ</small>
|-
! October
| ''nuriçon'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) NV̄TRĪTIŌNIS</small>, referring to manure
|-
! November
| ''unniusantor'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) OMNIVM SANCTŌRVM</small>
|-
! December
| ''nodoi'' || Lat. <small>(MĒNSEM) NĀTĀLIS</small>
|}
Days of the week (''not dìet dina sipsamà'') follow the ecclesiastic terminology also used by Portuguese and Galician; note the initial /z/ in the word for Sunday that points to <small>DIEM DOMINICAM</small> > *diðuminga > /zuˈmiɡa/:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English !! Atlantic
|-
! Sunday
| ''geumiga''
|-
! Monday
| ''fereasiguna''
|-
! Tuesday
| ''fereatirça''
|-
! Wednesday
| ''fereaporda''
|-
! Thursday
| ''fereapinta''
|-
! Friday
| ''fereasiça''
|-
! Saturday
| ''sàmbad''
|}
====Holidays====
* New Year's Day: ''na prima dir an''
* Epiphany: ''na Epifanea'' (from Greek)
* Easter: ''na Pasca'' (from Greek)
* Labour Day: ''na dii dir nauor''
* St. John's Day: ''na dii di Sant Iuàn'' ({{IPA|[santʃuˈan]}} (Maur.) or {{IPA|[santjuˈan]}} or ''~ Sant Ioànes'')
* Assumption: ''na Sunçon dina Uìrgean''
* [[w:Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine's Day]] (August 28): ''na dii di Sant Guistain''
* All Saints Day: ''na dii di Tod not Santot''
* Immaculate Conception: ''na dii dina Imaguioda Cunciçon''
* St. Lucy's Day: ''na dii di Santa Lucia''
* Christmas: ''ra Nodiudod'' (← Lat. <small>NĀTĪVITĀTEM</small>)
* New Year's Eve: ''na puistrema dir an''
===Cardinal points and continents===
The cardinal points in Atlantic are Arabic borrowings, but their related adjectives are Latin:
* North: ''seamal'', northern: ''buriòi''
* East: ''seàruc'', eastern: ''urintòi''
* South: ''geanub'', southern: ''oistròi''
* West: ''àrub'', western: ''uciuintòi''
The names for Europe, Africa, and Asia are inherited from the Latin spoken in ancient times; the others are recent borrowings, but with the words for America and Antarctica sculpted after the one for Africa, and the one for Oceania sculpted on the cognate root ''ogein''.
* Africa: ''Òfriga'' – African: ''òfir'' (f. ''òfira'', arch. ''ofra'')
* Europe: ''Eroba'' – European: ''erobens''
* Asia: ''Osea'' – Asian: ''osion'' or ''osiòtig''
* North America: ''Amèriga Burioea'' – North American: ''seamal-amerigens'' /-ameriˈzens/
* South America: ''Amèriga Oistroea'' – South American: ''geanub-amerigens''
* Oceania: ''Ogeianea'' /ozeˈjaɲa/ – Oceanian: ''ogeianiens'' /ozejaˈɲens/
* Antarctica: ''Antàrtiga'' – Antarctic: ''antartigens'' /antartiˈzens/
===Some countries and demonyms===
* the Atlantic Provinces: ''Ondàrtigot'' (pl.), Atlantic: ''ondartigor''
** Mauritania: ''Muridonea'', Mauritanian: ''muridoinens''
** Numidia: ''Numiua'', Numidian: ''numigens''
* Catalunya: ''Catalunea'', Catalan: ''cataluinens''
* Cyrenaica: ''Cirinega'', Cyrenean: ''cirinegens'' (of Cyrenaica), ''cirinè'' (of ancient Cyrene)
* France: ''Gaea'', French: ''gàiig'' /ˈɡajiz/
* Greece: ''Gareça'', Greek: ''gareig'' /ɡaˈrez/
* Italy: ''Idoea'', Italian: ''idoig'' /iˈdoz/
* Liguria: ''Niuurea'', Ligurian: ''niuùistig'' /niˈwuʃtiz/ <small>(< LIGVSTICVM)</small>
* Romania: ''Romania'', Romanian: ''romaniëns''
* Portugal: ''Nusidonea'', Portuguese: ''nusidoinens''
* Sicily: ''Siciea'', Sicilian: ''sìgui'' /ˈʃiɡuj/
* Spain: ''Isponea'', Spanish: ''ispoinens''
* Tripolitania: ''Cibuidonea'', Tripolitanian: ''cibuidoinens''
* Tuscany: ''Eçurea'', Tuscan: ''eçuisc'' /eˈ(t)suʃk/
===Colours===
===Colours===
Of the 11 basic colours in Atlantic, only four of them derive from Latin roots (<small>ĀTRVM</small> > ''oç''; <small>LIGNEVM</small> > ''rin''; *<small>AMARELLVM</small> > ''marìu''; <small>CANDIDVM</small> > ''càndiu''); all others are Arabic loanwords.
Of the 11 basic colours in Atlantic, only four of them derive from Latin roots (<small>ĀTRVM</small> > ''oç''; <small>LIGNEVM</small> > ''rin''; *<small>AMARELLVM</small> > ''marìu''; <small>CANDIDVM</small> > ''càndiu''); all others are Arabic loanwords.
Line 750: Line 987:
| Yellow || ''asfar, asfara / asfarot'' || style="background:#FFFF33" |
| Yellow || ''asfar, asfara / asfarot'' || style="background:#FFFF33" |
|}
|}
==Texts==
===Opening lines from ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''===
: Tuta Gaea ist sebaroda e cet pardot, e auna cuïs risiàiuunt not Belgeot, e àidira pard not Acuitanot, apiiodot Qeltot ira nimba sia, et Gaiot ina nuistra. Nòisic tutot sebàrantis cu nimba, moret et leget. Na uraum Garunna sebara not Gaiot içunt Acuitanot, et not uraumet Matruna et Sibana sebàrantiot ìçunt Belgeot.
'''IPA:'''<br/>
{{IPA|[tuta ˈgæjæ ʃtʃebaˈrɔda e sɛt ˈpardot e au̯na ˈku.iʃ riˈʃæi̯wunt nɔb‿ˈbɛlzot e ˈadʒira ˈpard nɔt‿akwiˈtanot apiˈjɔdot ˈkɛltot ira ˈɲimba ˈʃi.æ eɡ‿ˈɡæjot ina ˈnuʃtra . nɔʃis ˈtutot seˈbarantiʃ ku ˈɲimba ˈmɔret e ˈlɛzet . na uˈrau̯m gaˈruna seˈbara nɔɡ‿ˈɡæjot isunt‿akwiˈtanot e ˈnɔt uˈrau̯met maˈtruna e ʃiˈbana seˈbarantʃot isum‿ˈbɛlzot]}}
'''English:'''<br/>
All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.
'''Original Latin:'''<br/>
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.
===UDHR Article 1===
: Tutot umanot naçunt nàiuirot et eboiot e dinidod et diristot. Aiot sunt dodot cu raçon et cucinça et dèuint auè aun adin àidir cu ispàirid di urodindod.
'''IPA:'''<br />
{{IPA|[ˈtutot uˈmanot ˈnasunt ˈnai̯wirot et‿eˈbɔjot e diɲiˈdɔd ed‿diˈʒiʃtot . ˈajot sun ˈdɔdot cu raˈsɔn e kuˈsinsa ed‿ˈdɛwint aˈwɛ ˈau̯n adin‿ˈadʒir cu‿i̯ˈʃpaʒid di‿u̯rodinˈdɔd]}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Lili21
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