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Atlantic/Older version: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Atlantic | |name = Atlantic | ||
|nativename = ondartigor; ra nimba ondartigora | |nativename = ondartigor; ra nimba ondartigora | ||
|pronunciation = [ | |pronunciation = {{IPA|[ondartiˈɡɔr]}}<br/>{{IPA|[ra ˈɲimba ondartiˈɡɔra]}} | ||
|states (state) = Atlantic Provinces | |states (state) = Atlantic Provinces | ||
|region = Northwestern Africa | |region = Northwestern Africa | ||
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|nation = Atlantic Provinces | |nation = Atlantic Provinces | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Atlantic''', also known as ''Atlantic Latin'' or ''Atlantic Romance'', natively ''ondartigor'' (''ra nimba ondartigora'') [ | '''Atlantic''', also known as ''Atlantic Latin'' or ''Atlantic Romance'', natively ''ondartigor'' (''ra nimba ondartigora'') {{IPA|[ondartiˈɡɔr]}}, {{IPA|[ra ˈɲimba ondartiˈɡɔra]}} is a [[w:Romance languages|Romance language]] spoken in an alternate history version of Earth in the Atlantic Provinces (''Ondàrtigot'' {{IPA|[onˈdartigot]}}), a country located in the northwestern corner of Africa. The country's name is a remnant of [[w:Roman Empire|Roman]] history, when the area - including the [[w:Atlas Mountains|Atlas Mountains]] as its main geographical feature - was divided in the provinces of [[w:Numidia (Roman province)|Numidia]], [[w:Mauretania Caesariensis|Mauretania Caesariensis]], and [[w:Mauretania Tingitana|Mauretania Tingitana]]. | ||
It has various dialects, usually grouped in two main varieties called ''Mauritanian'' (''muridoinens'' [muridɔˈɲens]), the one the standard is based on, and ''Numidian'' (''numigens'' [numiˈzens] or [numiˈdzens]); some sources distinguish two further variants, ''Teneréïc'' (''teneriens'' [teneˈʒens]) and ''Senegal Riparian'' (''naia-uruminiens'' [ˌnæjæ.urumiˈɲens]); these two varieties are greatly influenced by the non-Romance languages they coexist with. | It has various dialects, usually grouped in two main varieties called ''Mauritanian'' (''muridoinens'' {{IPA|[muridɔˈɲens]}}), the one the standard is based on, and ''Numidian'' (''numigens'' {{IPA|[numiˈzens]}} or {{IPA|[numiˈdzens]}}); some sources distinguish two further variants, ''Teneréïc'' (''teneriens'' {{IPA|[teneˈʒens]}}) and ''Senegal Riparian'' (''naia-uruminiens'' {{IPA|[ˌnæjæ.urumiˈɲens]}}); these two varieties are greatly influenced by the non-Romance languages they coexist with. | ||
==Diachronic development== | ==Diachronic development== | ||
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/kt/ and /pt/ clusters were resolved by turning the backmost element to /s/, i.e. to /st/ and /ps/ respectively, see <small>LACTEM</small> > ''nast'' "milk"; <small>APTVM</small> > ''aps'' "ready". | /kt/ and /pt/ clusters were resolved by turning the backmost element to /s/, i.e. to /st/ and /ps/ respectively, see <small>LACTEM</small> > ''nast'' "milk"; <small>APTVM</small> > ''aps'' "ready". | ||
<small>VI-</small> /wi/ was reduced to /j/ if a vowel followed, as e.g. in <small>VIĀTICVM</small> > ''iòdig'' "travel".<br/>Sporadic posttonic syncope led to a range of newer clusters, which were often resolved through assimilation. For example, /mn/ assimilated to /nn/ and /nm/ to /mm/, as in <small>FĒMINAM</small> > *fēmna > ''fenna'' "woman"; <small>ANIMAM</small> > *anma > ''amma'' "person". Most modern dialects have further degeminated them (Senegal Riparian dialects are the main exception, as are a few ones in the Atlas valleys of Numidia), but they are still represented in the orthography. | <small>VI-</small> /wi/ was reduced to /j/ if a vowel followed, as e.g. in <small>VIĀTICVM</small> > ''iòdig'' "travel".<br/>Sporadic posttonic syncope led to a range of newer clusters, which were often resolved through assimilation. For example, /mn/ assimilated to /nn/ and /nm/ to /mm/, as in <small>FĒMINAM</small> > *fēmna > ''fenna'' "woman"; <small>ANIMAM</small> > *anma > ''amma'' "person". Most modern dialects have further degeminated them (Senegal Riparian dialects are the main exception, as are a few ones in the Atlas valleys of Numidia), but they are still represented in the orthography. Historical gemination is not represented in a few words where such consonants were likely degeminated early and, in fact, no modern dialect has a geminate consonant - a common word where this happened is ''punust'' "tomorrow" < ''punnust'' < *pusnust < <small>POST NOCTEM</small>. | ||
===Mauritanian palatalization=== | ===Mauritanian palatalization=== | ||
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# Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /z/ in most others. | # Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /z/ in most others. | ||
Palatal consonants, in Mauritanian and Senegal Riparian dialects, are realized as palatalized alveolars before other alveolar consonants, as in ''paindig'' "fifteen" /ˈpaɲdiz/ [ˈpanʲdiz]. In Numidian and Ténéréïc dialects they never occur before consonants. | Palatal consonants, in Mauritanian and Senegal Riparian dialects, are realized as palatalized alveolars before other alveolar consonants, as in ''paindig'' "fifteen" {{IPA|/ˈpaɲdiz/ [ˈpanʲdiz]}} or ''sançuaint'' "June" {{IPA|/sanˈswaɲt/ [sanˈswanʲt]}}. In Numidian and Ténéréïc dialects they never occur before consonants. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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The articles ''in'' and ''din'', furthermore, assimilate their consonant to a following /t d s ʃ l/ as ''(d)it, (d)id, (d)is, (d)is, (d)il'': | The articles ''in'' and ''din'', furthermore, assimilate their consonant to a following /t d s ʃ l/ as ''(d)it, (d)id, (d)is, (d)is, (d)il'': | ||
: ''it test'' "the roof", ''id did'' "the finger", ''is suc'' "the market", ''is siampain'' "the champagne", ''il laus'' "the almond". | : ''it test'' "the roof", ''id did'' "the finger", ''is suc'' "the market", ''is siampain'' "the champagne", ''il laus'' "the almond". | ||
Unlike many other Romance languages, articles aren't used before given names: | |||
: ''Fui dadur na unor au Agafì.'' "I gave Agatha the flower." | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! ''ant''<br/><small>IN FRONT OF, BEFORE</small> | ! ''ant''<br/><small>IN FRONT OF, BEFORE</small> | ||
| | | àntin/àntir || àntina/àntira || àntinot/àntirot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''au''<br/><small>TO</small> | ! ''au''<br/><small>TO</small> | ||
| | | àdin*/àdir || au-na/au-ra || aunot/aurot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''cir''<br/><small>AROUND</small> | ! ''cir''<br/><small>AROUND</small> | ||
| | | cìrgun*/cìrgun || cìrguna || cìrgunt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''cu''<br/><small>WITH</small> | ! ''cu''<br/><small>WITH</small> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! ''iç''<br/><small>FROM</small> | ! ''iç''<br/><small>FROM</small> | ||
| | | ìçin*/ìçir || ìçuna/ìçura || ìçunt/içurot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''surb''<br/><small>ON</small> | ! ''surb''<br/><small>ON</small> | ||
| | | sùpin*/sùpir || sunna/supra || sunnot/suprot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''pro''<br/><small>FOR</small> | ! ''pro''<br/><small>FOR</small> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! ''puis''<br/><small>BEHIND, AFTER</small> | ! ''puis''<br/><small>BEHIND, AFTER</small> | ||
| | | pùistin*/pùistir || pùisina/pùisira || pùisinot/pùisirot | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| Yellow || ''asfar, asfara / asfarot'' || style="background:#FFFF33" | | | Yellow || ''asfar, asfara / asfarot'' || style="background:#FFFF33" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Texts== | |||
===Opening lines from ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''=== | |||
: Tuta Gaea ist sebaroda e cet pardot, e auna cuïs risiàiuunt not Belgeot, e àidira pard not Acuitanot, apiiodot Qeltot ira nimba sia, et Gaiot ina nuistra. Nòisic tutot sebàrantis cu nimba, moret et leget. Na uraum Garunna sebara not Gaiot içunt Acuitanot, et not uraumet Matruna et Sibana sebàrantiot ìçunt Belgeot. | |||
'''IPA:'''<br/> | |||
{{IPA|[tuta ˈgæjæ ʃtʃebaˈrɔda e sɛt ˈpardot e au̯na ˈku.iʃ riˈʃæi̯wunt nɔb‿ˈbɛlzot e ˈadʒira ˈpard nɔt‿akwiˈtanot apiˈjɔdot ˈkɛltot ira ˈɲimba ˈʃi.æ eɡ‿ˈɡæjot ina ˈnuʃtra . nɔʃis ˈtutot seˈbarantiʃ ku ˈɲimba ˈmɔret e ˈlɛzet . na uˈrau̯m gaˈruna seˈbara nɔɡ‿ˈɡæjot isunt‿akwiˈtanot e ˈnɔt uˈrau̯met maˈtruna e ʃiˈbana seˈbarantʃot isum‿ˈbɛlzot]}} | |||
'''English:'''<br/> | |||
All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. | |||
'''Original Latin:'''<br/> | |||
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. | |||
===UDHR Article 1=== | |||
: Tutot umanot naçunt nàiuirot et eboiot e dinidod et diristot. Aiot sunt dodot cu raçon et cucinça et dèuint auè aun adin àidir cu ispàirid di urodindod. | |||
'''IPA:'''<br /> | |||
{{IPA|[ˈtutot uˈmanot ˈnasunt ˈnai̯wirot et‿eˈbɔjot e diɲiˈdɔd ed‿diˈʒiʃtot . ˈajot sun ˈdɔdot cu raˈsɔn e kuˈsinsa ed‿ˈdɛwint aˈwɛ ˈau̯n adin‿ˈadʒir cu‿i̯ˈʃpaʒid di‿u̯rodinˈdɔd]}} | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||