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Attian: Difference between revisions
→Not who, not what, not where nor when. But how.: To be continued...
(→Conjugation: Evidentiality, with examples to come.) |
(→Not who, not what, not where nor when. But how.: To be continued...) |
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The process in Attian is known as '''embedding'''. The evidentials are proper biliteral roots conveying their inherent information and are circumfixed on the conjugated verb. At times, they can be circumfixed on adverbs, adjectives and nouns as well. | The process in Attian is known as '''embedding'''. The evidentials are proper biliteral roots conveying their inherent information and are circumfixed on the conjugated verb. At times, they can be circumfixed on adverbs, adjectives and nouns as well. | ||
====Visual and nonvisual==== | |||
Evidentials in Attian are typically used to convey information in the past tense, although it is not granted. Especially the visual and nonvisual evidentials have this implication. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="3"|'''Tu {{red|titann}}''' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|'''Tu {{blue|hattann}}''' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|'''Tu {{red|nitat}}ur {{blue|hatat}}ur?''' | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="3"| /tʊ ˈtitanː/ | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|/tʊ ˈɦatːanː/ | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|/tʊ ˈnitatur̥ ˈhatatur̥/ | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{red|tita}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ann</small> | |||
! | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{blue|hatta}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ann</small> | |||
! | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{red|nitat}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ur</small> | |||
|<small>{{blue|hatat}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ur</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{red|hit}}/{{sc|ind.{{red|dyn}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -{{sc|pat.1.m.sg.}} | |||
! | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{blue|hit}}/{{sc|ind.{{blue|mom}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -{{sc|pat.1.m.sg.}} | |||
! | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{red|hit}}/{{sc|int.{{red|dyn}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -or/{{sc|coo.conj.}} | |||
|{{blue|hit}}/{{sc|int.{{blue|mom}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -or/{{sc|coo.conj.}} | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="3"|''He hit me''. | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|''He hit me once''. | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|''Did he hit [you] once or several times''?/''Did he beat or strike [you]?'' | |||
|} | |||
====Hearsay and quotative==== | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="3"|'''Tu {{red|titann}}''' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|'''Tu {{blue|hattann}}''' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|'''Tu {{red|nitat}}ur {{blue|hatat}}ur?''' | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="3"| /tʊ ˈtitanː/ | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|/tʊ ˈɦatːanː/ | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|/tʊ ˈnitatur̥ ˈhatatur̥/ | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{red|tita}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ann</small> | |||
! | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{blue|hatta}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ann</small> | |||
! | |||
|<small>tu</small> | |||
|<small>{{red|nitat}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ur</small> | |||
|<small>{{blue|hatat}}</small> | |||
|<small>-ur</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{red|hit}}/{{sc|ind.{{red|dyn}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -{{sc|pat.1.m.sg.}} | |||
! | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{blue|hit}}/{{sc|ind.{{blue|mom}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -{{sc|pat.1.m.sg.}} | |||
! | |||
|he/{{sc|3.m.sg.agt}} | |||
|{{red|hit}}/{{sc|int.{{red|dyn}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -or/{{sc|coo.conj.}} | |||
|{{blue|hit}}/{{sc|int.{{blue|mom}}.m.sg}} | |||
| -or/{{sc|coo.conj.}} | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="3"|''He hit me''. | |||
! | |||
| colspan="3"|''He hit me once''. | |||
! | |||
| colspan="5"|''Did he hit [you] once or several times''?/''Did he beat or strike [you]?'' | |||
|} | |||
====Control and volition==== | ====Control and volition==== | ||